This review explores the role of dietary (poly)phenols in modulating the gut-brain axis and promoting brain health, particularly in aging populations. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication system between the gut microbiota and the brain, which plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and wellbeing. (Poly)phenols, found in plant-based foods and beverages, can influence the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn affects brain function and health. While there is evidence suggesting that (poly)phenol consumption can be beneficial for brain health, human studies are limited, and the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. The review highlights the importance of further research into the therapeutic potential of (poly)phenols in modulating the GBA to improve brain health during aging. It also discusses the impact of the gut microbiota on brain health, including its role in inflammation, the blood-brain barrier, and neurological disorders. The review emphasizes the need for more human studies to better understand the effects of (poly)phenols on the GBA and their potential in promoting healthy aging. The findings suggest that (poly)phenols can positively influence the gut microbiota, leading to improved brain health by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. The review also discusses the complex interactions between diet, the gut microbiota, and the brain, highlighting the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining brain health. Overall, the review underscores the potential of (poly)phenols in supporting brain health through their effects on the gut-brain axis.This review explores the role of dietary (poly)phenols in modulating the gut-brain axis and promoting brain health, particularly in aging populations. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication system between the gut microbiota and the brain, which plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and wellbeing. (Poly)phenols, found in plant-based foods and beverages, can influence the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn affects brain function and health. While there is evidence suggesting that (poly)phenol consumption can be beneficial for brain health, human studies are limited, and the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. The review highlights the importance of further research into the therapeutic potential of (poly)phenols in modulating the GBA to improve brain health during aging. It also discusses the impact of the gut microbiota on brain health, including its role in inflammation, the blood-brain barrier, and neurological disorders. The review emphasizes the need for more human studies to better understand the effects of (poly)phenols on the GBA and their potential in promoting healthy aging. The findings suggest that (poly)phenols can positively influence the gut microbiota, leading to improved brain health by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. The review also discusses the complex interactions between diet, the gut microbiota, and the brain, highlighting the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining brain health. Overall, the review underscores the potential of (poly)phenols in supporting brain health through their effects on the gut-brain axis.