The article explores the role of dietary (poly)phenols in modulating the gut-brain axis and promoting neural health, particularly in the context of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. It highlights the importance of gut microbial homeostasis and its impact on brain functions, known as the gut-brain axis. The review discusses how (poly)phenols, a class of natural compounds found in plant-based foods and beverages, can influence the gut microbiota, which in turn affects brain health. While evidence suggests a beneficial role for (poly)phenol consumption, human studies are limited, and the mechanisms are not fully understood. The authors emphasize the need for further research to establish the therapeutic efficacy of dietary (poly)phenols on brain health through the gut-brain axis, with a focus on well-designed human interventions. The review also covers the impact of gut microbiota on aging, inflammation, and the blood-brain barrier, as well as the complex interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and brain health.The article explores the role of dietary (poly)phenols in modulating the gut-brain axis and promoting neural health, particularly in the context of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. It highlights the importance of gut microbial homeostasis and its impact on brain functions, known as the gut-brain axis. The review discusses how (poly)phenols, a class of natural compounds found in plant-based foods and beverages, can influence the gut microbiota, which in turn affects brain health. While evidence suggests a beneficial role for (poly)phenol consumption, human studies are limited, and the mechanisms are not fully understood. The authors emphasize the need for further research to establish the therapeutic efficacy of dietary (poly)phenols on brain health through the gut-brain axis, with a focus on well-designed human interventions. The review also covers the impact of gut microbiota on aging, inflammation, and the blood-brain barrier, as well as the complex interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and brain health.