The article explores the relationship between dietary patterns and fertility, highlighting the impact of different diets on male and female reproductive health. The Mediterranean diet is found to have a protective effect on fertility, while the Western diet and Westernized diets (such as Middle Eastern and Asian diets) are associated with reduced fertility. The study emphasizes that a diet rich in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, animal proteins, and carbohydrates with a high glycemic index is linked to male and female infertility, whereas a diet rich in plant proteins, vegetables, fruits, and antioxidants (such as carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols) is beneficial for fertility. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are also discussed, suggesting that understanding these mechanisms could lead to more personalized treatments for infertile couples. Additionally, the article reviews the dietary habits of Middle Eastern and Asian populations and evaluates the effects of vegetarian, vegan, and ketogenic diets on fertility. The authors conclude that a balanced diet can positively influence fertility and that public health policies should promote healthy dietary patterns to improve global fertility rates.The article explores the relationship between dietary patterns and fertility, highlighting the impact of different diets on male and female reproductive health. The Mediterranean diet is found to have a protective effect on fertility, while the Western diet and Westernized diets (such as Middle Eastern and Asian diets) are associated with reduced fertility. The study emphasizes that a diet rich in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, animal proteins, and carbohydrates with a high glycemic index is linked to male and female infertility, whereas a diet rich in plant proteins, vegetables, fruits, and antioxidants (such as carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols) is beneficial for fertility. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are also discussed, suggesting that understanding these mechanisms could lead to more personalized treatments for infertile couples. Additionally, the article reviews the dietary habits of Middle Eastern and Asian populations and evaluates the effects of vegetarian, vegan, and ketogenic diets on fertility. The authors conclude that a balanced diet can positively influence fertility and that public health policies should promote healthy dietary patterns to improve global fertility rates.