This review explores the relationship between dietary patterns and fertility, highlighting the impact of different diets on reproductive health. The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and olive oil, is associated with improved fertility in both men and women. It is linked to higher levels of beneficial fatty acids, antioxidants, and nutrients that support reproductive functions. In contrast, the Western diet, characterized by high intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, and refined carbohydrates, is associated with reduced fertility. Similarly, Westernized diets such as those in the Middle East and Asia also show negative effects on fertility. A diet high in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, animal proteins, and high glycemic index carbohydrates is correlated with male and female infertility, while diets rich in plant proteins, vegetables, fruits, and antioxidants (such as carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols) may improve fertility. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are being studied to develop more personalized treatments for infertile couples. Additionally, public health policies promoting healthy dietary patterns are essential for improving fertility rates globally. The review also examines other dietary patterns, including vegetarian, vegan, and ketogenic diets, which have mixed effects on fertility. Overall, a balanced diet with a focus on plant-based foods, whole grains, and healthy fats is recommended to support reproductive health.This review explores the relationship between dietary patterns and fertility, highlighting the impact of different diets on reproductive health. The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and olive oil, is associated with improved fertility in both men and women. It is linked to higher levels of beneficial fatty acids, antioxidants, and nutrients that support reproductive functions. In contrast, the Western diet, characterized by high intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, and refined carbohydrates, is associated with reduced fertility. Similarly, Westernized diets such as those in the Middle East and Asia also show negative effects on fertility. A diet high in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, animal proteins, and high glycemic index carbohydrates is correlated with male and female infertility, while diets rich in plant proteins, vegetables, fruits, and antioxidants (such as carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols) may improve fertility. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are being studied to develop more personalized treatments for infertile couples. Additionally, public health policies promoting healthy dietary patterns are essential for improving fertility rates globally. The review also examines other dietary patterns, including vegetarian, vegan, and ketogenic diets, which have mixed effects on fertility. Overall, a balanced diet with a focus on plant-based foods, whole grains, and healthy fats is recommended to support reproductive health.