Dietary polyphenols are a diverse group of compounds found in fruits, vegetables, wine, tea, olive oil, and cocoa. They are primarily derivatives or isomers of flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, catechins, and phenolic acids. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anticarcinogenic, and cardiovascular protective effects. Their biological actions are largely attributed to their intrinsic antioxidant properties, as well as their ability to activate endogenous defense systems and modulate cellular signaling pathways such as NF-κB, AP-1, and Nrf2. Dietary polyphenols are classified into several groups, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins, and diferuloylmethanes. They are widely consumed in the diet and play a significant role in maintaining health. Phenolic acids account for about one-third of total intake, while flavonoids make up the remaining two-thirds. Flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet and include flavanols, anthocyanins, and their oxidation products. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to exert various bioactivities, including antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotection, neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammatory properties, antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic effects, maintenance of gastrointestinal health, modulation of signal transduction pathways, improvement of endothelial function, protective effects on immune cell functions, antiallergic activity, antidiabetic effects, regulation of cell cycle progression, modulation of hormonal effects, and effects in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite their beneficial effects, dietary polyphenols can also exhibit prooxidant activity under certain conditions, leading to oxidative stress and cellular damage. The bioavailability of dietary polyphenols varies significantly, with some compounds being more readily absorbed than others. Factors such as food consumption, metabolic processes, and the presence of other compounds can influence their absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, dietary polyphenols are important components of a healthy diet, offering a wide range of biological benefits. However, their specific mechanisms of action and potential health effects require further research to fully understand their role in human health.Dietary polyphenols are a diverse group of compounds found in fruits, vegetables, wine, tea, olive oil, and cocoa. They are primarily derivatives or isomers of flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, catechins, and phenolic acids. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anticarcinogenic, and cardiovascular protective effects. Their biological actions are largely attributed to their intrinsic antioxidant properties, as well as their ability to activate endogenous defense systems and modulate cellular signaling pathways such as NF-κB, AP-1, and Nrf2. Dietary polyphenols are classified into several groups, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins, and diferuloylmethanes. They are widely consumed in the diet and play a significant role in maintaining health. Phenolic acids account for about one-third of total intake, while flavonoids make up the remaining two-thirds. Flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet and include flavanols, anthocyanins, and their oxidation products. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to exert various bioactivities, including antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotection, neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammatory properties, antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic effects, maintenance of gastrointestinal health, modulation of signal transduction pathways, improvement of endothelial function, protective effects on immune cell functions, antiallergic activity, antidiabetic effects, regulation of cell cycle progression, modulation of hormonal effects, and effects in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite their beneficial effects, dietary polyphenols can also exhibit prooxidant activity under certain conditions, leading to oxidative stress and cellular damage. The bioavailability of dietary polyphenols varies significantly, with some compounds being more readily absorbed than others. Factors such as food consumption, metabolic processes, and the presence of other compounds can influence their absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, dietary polyphenols are important components of a healthy diet, offering a wide range of biological benefits. However, their specific mechanisms of action and potential health effects require further research to fully understand their role in human health.