Diffusive kinks turn kirigami into machines

Diffusive kinks turn kirigami into machines

10 February 2024 | Shahram Janbaz & Corentin Coulais
This study introduces a novel method to create diffusive kinks in purely dissipative kirigami, enabling it to function as a machine. The research demonstrates that by stretching a viscoelastic kirigami quickly and then waiting, it can snap from one texture to another, with the snapping instability occurring in a sequence and a diffusive kink emerging. This process mimics the slow sequential folding observed in biological systems, such as the Mimosa Pudica plant. The diffusive kinks are harnessed for basic machine-like functionalities, including sensing, dynamic shape morphing, and object manipulation. The study explores the behavior of kirigami with two local buckling modes—symmetric and anti-symmetric—using a multi-texture viscoelastic kirigami design. The kirigami is made of two photopolymers with distinct viscoelastic properties, allowing for the control of buckling modes based on the applied loading rate. The research shows that the kirigami can exhibit viscoelastic snap-back, where the material returns to a lower-speed mode after a high-speed mode. This snap-back is highly sensitive to geometrical imperfections and is influenced by the material's viscoelastic properties. The study also demonstrates the emergence of diffusive kinks in pre-stretched kirigami strips, which can be used to perform mechanical tasks. The diffusive kinks are modeled using a reaction-diffusion equation, which is typically used in chemistry to describe transitions in metastable media. The results show that the kinks can travel at a constant speed and are influenced by the system's parameters and geometrical imperfections. The research further shows that diffusive kinks can be used to create dynamic shape transformations in kirigami, with the shape changing from a "plus" sign to a "minus" sign upon fast stretching. The kirigami can also be used to manipulate objects, such as carrying a ping-pong ball forward. The study also demonstrates that diffusive kinks can be used to perform basic mechanical tasks, such as transporting objects and manipulating them in non-time reversal cycles. The findings suggest that diffusive kinks can be used to design materials that mimic the motion of plants and enhance the capabilities of soft robots. The study highlights the potential of viscoelastic kirigami in various applications, including sensing, shape morphing, and object manipulation. The research also emphasizes the importance of geometrical imperfections in the behavior of viscoelastic materials and the potential of advances in polymer science and 3D printing technology to further enhance the performance of diffusive kinks.This study introduces a novel method to create diffusive kinks in purely dissipative kirigami, enabling it to function as a machine. The research demonstrates that by stretching a viscoelastic kirigami quickly and then waiting, it can snap from one texture to another, with the snapping instability occurring in a sequence and a diffusive kink emerging. This process mimics the slow sequential folding observed in biological systems, such as the Mimosa Pudica plant. The diffusive kinks are harnessed for basic machine-like functionalities, including sensing, dynamic shape morphing, and object manipulation. The study explores the behavior of kirigami with two local buckling modes—symmetric and anti-symmetric—using a multi-texture viscoelastic kirigami design. The kirigami is made of two photopolymers with distinct viscoelastic properties, allowing for the control of buckling modes based on the applied loading rate. The research shows that the kirigami can exhibit viscoelastic snap-back, where the material returns to a lower-speed mode after a high-speed mode. This snap-back is highly sensitive to geometrical imperfections and is influenced by the material's viscoelastic properties. The study also demonstrates the emergence of diffusive kinks in pre-stretched kirigami strips, which can be used to perform mechanical tasks. The diffusive kinks are modeled using a reaction-diffusion equation, which is typically used in chemistry to describe transitions in metastable media. The results show that the kinks can travel at a constant speed and are influenced by the system's parameters and geometrical imperfections. The research further shows that diffusive kinks can be used to create dynamic shape transformations in kirigami, with the shape changing from a "plus" sign to a "minus" sign upon fast stretching. The kirigami can also be used to manipulate objects, such as carrying a ping-pong ball forward. The study also demonstrates that diffusive kinks can be used to perform basic mechanical tasks, such as transporting objects and manipulating them in non-time reversal cycles. The findings suggest that diffusive kinks can be used to design materials that mimic the motion of plants and enhance the capabilities of soft robots. The study highlights the potential of viscoelastic kirigami in various applications, including sensing, shape morphing, and object manipulation. The research also emphasizes the importance of geometrical imperfections in the behavior of viscoelastic materials and the potential of advances in polymer science and 3D printing technology to further enhance the performance of diffusive kinks.
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