This study examines the role of digital village construction in enhancing agroecological efficiency (AEE) in rural China, focusing on the dynamics and diversity of multi-level governance. Using data from 30 provinces between 2014 and 2020, the research reveals a significant positive correlation between digital villages and AEE, though this relationship follows an "inverted U" pattern, peaking at a digital development index of 0.8. The study also finds that rural bureaucrats and self-governing entities independently contribute to AEE, while market forces and social organizations require further enhancement. The findings contribute to the field of digital village construction and inform sustainable agricultural strategies in developing nations. The research employs a multi-level governance system involving rural bureaucrats, villagers' self-governance, market forces, and social organizations, and uses generalized propensity score matching to analyze the dynamic impact of digital village construction on AEE. The results highlight the importance of rural multi-governance in amplifying the positive effects of digital village initiatives on AEE.This study examines the role of digital village construction in enhancing agroecological efficiency (AEE) in rural China, focusing on the dynamics and diversity of multi-level governance. Using data from 30 provinces between 2014 and 2020, the research reveals a significant positive correlation between digital villages and AEE, though this relationship follows an "inverted U" pattern, peaking at a digital development index of 0.8. The study also finds that rural bureaucrats and self-governing entities independently contribute to AEE, while market forces and social organizations require further enhancement. The findings contribute to the field of digital village construction and inform sustainable agricultural strategies in developing nations. The research employs a multi-level governance system involving rural bureaucrats, villagers' self-governance, market forces, and social organizations, and uses generalized propensity score matching to analyze the dynamic impact of digital village construction on AEE. The results highlight the importance of rural multi-governance in amplifying the positive effects of digital village initiatives on AEE.