This project implements a digital watermarking technique for images. Watermarking is used to embed secret information into images for ownership verification and authentication. The approach involves embedding watermarks into the middle-frequency components of images to ensure robustness against various image manipulations. The embedded watermark is extracted and compared with the original to measure similarity. The project includes sections on background, research goals, methods, algorithm description, results, conclusions, staff contributions, and references. Digital watermarking is crucial for preventing unauthorized copying and verifying image authenticity. The ideal properties of a digital watermark include invisibility, statistical invisibility, robustness to various manipulations, and ease of extraction. The proposed method uses Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for embedding and extracting watermarks. A binary pattern watermark is generated and embedded into the middle-frequency components of the image. The watermark is then extracted and compared with the original using the Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NC). The algorithm works in the frequency domain, making it robust against spatial domain operations like image cropping. The image is transformed using DCT, resized, and divided into 8x8 blocks. The watermark is permuted and embedded into the middle-frequency coefficients. The DCT coefficients are modified to match the original image, then expanded and inverse DCT transformed to produce the watermarked image. The extraction process involves DCT transformation, generating a reduced image from middle-frequency coefficients, and reversing the permutation to retrieve the watermark. Experimental results show that the method is robust to JPEG compression and image enhancement. Future work includes extending the technique for privacy protection and reversible watermarking. Staff contributions include proposal preparation, implementation, and report writing. References include key research papers on digital watermarking.This project implements a digital watermarking technique for images. Watermarking is used to embed secret information into images for ownership verification and authentication. The approach involves embedding watermarks into the middle-frequency components of images to ensure robustness against various image manipulations. The embedded watermark is extracted and compared with the original to measure similarity. The project includes sections on background, research goals, methods, algorithm description, results, conclusions, staff contributions, and references. Digital watermarking is crucial for preventing unauthorized copying and verifying image authenticity. The ideal properties of a digital watermark include invisibility, statistical invisibility, robustness to various manipulations, and ease of extraction. The proposed method uses Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for embedding and extracting watermarks. A binary pattern watermark is generated and embedded into the middle-frequency components of the image. The watermark is then extracted and compared with the original using the Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NC). The algorithm works in the frequency domain, making it robust against spatial domain operations like image cropping. The image is transformed using DCT, resized, and divided into 8x8 blocks. The watermark is permuted and embedded into the middle-frequency coefficients. The DCT coefficients are modified to match the original image, then expanded and inverse DCT transformed to produce the watermarked image. The extraction process involves DCT transformation, generating a reduced image from middle-frequency coefficients, and reversing the permutation to retrieve the watermark. Experimental results show that the method is robust to JPEG compression and image enhancement. Future work includes extending the technique for privacy protection and reversible watermarking. Staff contributions include proposal preparation, implementation, and report writing. References include key research papers on digital watermarking.