Directional thermal emission and display using pixelated non-imaging micro-optics

Directional thermal emission and display using pixelated non-imaging micro-optics

28 May 2024 | Ziwei Fan, Taeseung Hwang, Sam Lin, Yixin Chen & Zi Jing Wong
This paper presents a novel approach to directional thermal emission using a pixelated non-imaging micro-emitter. Traditional methods of generating directional thermal emission, such as phonon polariton gratings, plasmonic metasurfaces, and nanoantennas, have limitations in terms of narrow spectral ranges and polarization dependence, which reduce radiative efficiency. The authors demonstrate an ultrabroadband, polarization-independent, and highly directional control of thermal radiation by leveraging the principle of etendue conservation in non-imaging optics. This approach allows for tunable angular control of thermal radiation, producing a large emissivity contrast at different view angles. The pixelated directional micro-emitter is fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) nanolithography and electron beam deposition, resulting in a compact and integrated platform. The device exhibits strong directionality, with a sharp angular cutoff and uniform directional control over an ultrabroad wavelength range from 5 to 20 μm. The authors further demonstrate the practical applications of this technology by creating a pixelated infrared display and enabling thermal camouflage, where information is only observable at specific directions. This work opens new avenues for efficient radiative cooling, infrared spectroscopy, thermophotovoltaics, and thermal camouflaging.This paper presents a novel approach to directional thermal emission using a pixelated non-imaging micro-emitter. Traditional methods of generating directional thermal emission, such as phonon polariton gratings, plasmonic metasurfaces, and nanoantennas, have limitations in terms of narrow spectral ranges and polarization dependence, which reduce radiative efficiency. The authors demonstrate an ultrabroadband, polarization-independent, and highly directional control of thermal radiation by leveraging the principle of etendue conservation in non-imaging optics. This approach allows for tunable angular control of thermal radiation, producing a large emissivity contrast at different view angles. The pixelated directional micro-emitter is fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) nanolithography and electron beam deposition, resulting in a compact and integrated platform. The device exhibits strong directionality, with a sharp angular cutoff and uniform directional control over an ultrabroad wavelength range from 5 to 20 μm. The authors further demonstrate the practical applications of this technology by creating a pixelated infrared display and enabling thermal camouflage, where information is only observable at specific directions. This work opens new avenues for efficient radiative cooling, infrared spectroscopy, thermophotovoltaics, and thermal camouflaging.
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