Discovering Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Insights from Pathogenic Pathways to Clinical Practice

Discovering Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Insights from Pathogenic Pathways to Clinical Practice

28 April 2024 | Cristina Madaudo, Giuseppe Coppola, Antonio Luca Maria Parlati, Egle Corrado
This comprehensive review explores the various aspects of atherosclerosis, a systemic and chronic arterial disease that underlies most cardiovascular disorders. The review begins by discussing the insidious development of atherosclerosis, often asymptomatic until it reaches advanced stages, and delves into the pathophysiological evolution of atherosclerotic lesions, emphasizing the central role of inflammation. It highlights clinical manifestations such as heart attacks and strokes, underscoring the significant burden on global health. The focus is on carotid atherosclerosis, clarifying its epidemiology, clinical implications, and association with cognitive decline. Prevention strategies, lifestyle modifications, risk factor management, and nuanced antithrombotic treatment considerations are critical to managing cardiovascular complications, addressing a crucial aspect of cardiovascular health. The review also examines the historical and modern perspectives on inflammation in atherosclerosis, including the role of various cell types and chemokines. It discusses the symptoms and complications of atherosclerosis, particularly in the context of carotid atherosclerosis, and outlines prevention strategies, including lifestyle changes, risk factor management, and targeted treatments. The review concludes by emphasizing the systemic nature of atherosclerosis and its significant impact on cardiovascular health.This comprehensive review explores the various aspects of atherosclerosis, a systemic and chronic arterial disease that underlies most cardiovascular disorders. The review begins by discussing the insidious development of atherosclerosis, often asymptomatic until it reaches advanced stages, and delves into the pathophysiological evolution of atherosclerotic lesions, emphasizing the central role of inflammation. It highlights clinical manifestations such as heart attacks and strokes, underscoring the significant burden on global health. The focus is on carotid atherosclerosis, clarifying its epidemiology, clinical implications, and association with cognitive decline. Prevention strategies, lifestyle modifications, risk factor management, and nuanced antithrombotic treatment considerations are critical to managing cardiovascular complications, addressing a crucial aspect of cardiovascular health. The review also examines the historical and modern perspectives on inflammation in atherosclerosis, including the role of various cell types and chemokines. It discusses the symptoms and complications of atherosclerosis, particularly in the context of carotid atherosclerosis, and outlines prevention strategies, including lifestyle changes, risk factor management, and targeted treatments. The review concludes by emphasizing the systemic nature of atherosclerosis and its significant impact on cardiovascular health.
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