| Cheng Gong, Lin Li, Zhenglu Li, Huiwen Ji, Alex Stern, Yang Xia, Ting Cao, Wei Bao, Chenzhe Wang, Yuan Wang, Z. Q. Qiu, R. J. Cava, Steven G. Louie, Jing Xia, Xiang Zhang
This paper reports the first experimental discovery of intrinsic long-range ferromagnetic order in pristine Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ atomic layers, a 2D van der Waals (vdW) crystal. The researchers used scanning magneto-optic Kerr microscopy to observe the emergence of ferromagnetic order in bilayer Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ as the temperature decreased, with a clear visibility of thicker flakes indicating a higher critical temperature (Tₖ). The study revealed a strong dimensionality effect, where the transition temperature (Tₖ) increased monotonically with thickness from a bilayer value of ~30 K to a bulk limit of ~68 K. The observed ferromagnetism was attributed to the low-energy magnon excitations in 2D, which are suppressed by thermal fluctuations in 3D. The field dependence of Tₖ was also investigated, showing that a small magnetic field (≤ 0.3 Tesla) could significantly enhance the transition temperature by opening a spin wave excitation gap, in contrast to the stiffness of the transition temperature in 3D systems. The findings provide a close-to-ideal 2D Heisenberg ferromagnet for studying fundamental spin behaviors and open new possibilities for applications such as ultra-compact spintronics.This paper reports the first experimental discovery of intrinsic long-range ferromagnetic order in pristine Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ atomic layers, a 2D van der Waals (vdW) crystal. The researchers used scanning magneto-optic Kerr microscopy to observe the emergence of ferromagnetic order in bilayer Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ as the temperature decreased, with a clear visibility of thicker flakes indicating a higher critical temperature (Tₖ). The study revealed a strong dimensionality effect, where the transition temperature (Tₖ) increased monotonically with thickness from a bilayer value of ~30 K to a bulk limit of ~68 K. The observed ferromagnetism was attributed to the low-energy magnon excitations in 2D, which are suppressed by thermal fluctuations in 3D. The field dependence of Tₖ was also investigated, showing that a small magnetic field (≤ 0.3 Tesla) could significantly enhance the transition temperature by opening a spin wave excitation gap, in contrast to the stiffness of the transition temperature in 3D systems. The findings provide a close-to-ideal 2D Heisenberg ferromagnet for studying fundamental spin behaviors and open new possibilities for applications such as ultra-compact spintronics.