The article provides an overview of bone remodeling, a dynamic process essential for maintaining the skeleton's health and function. Bone remodeling involves the removal of old or damaged bone by osteoclasts and the subsequent formation of new bone by osteoblasts. This process is tightly regulated to ensure no net change in bone mass or quality after each cycle. However, various factors, including hormonal changes, age, physical activity, drugs, and secondary diseases, can disrupt this balance, leading to bone disorders such as osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy, osteopetrosis, Paget’s disease, and rickets. Osteoporosis, the most common disorder, is characterized by low bone mass and increased fracture risk. It can be primary (postmenopausal or age-related) or secondary to other conditions. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is primarily due to estrogen deficiency, while age-related osteoporosis involves both osteoclast activity and age-related changes in osteoblast function. Secondary osteoporosis results from various medical conditions, physical activity changes, or therapeutic interventions. Renal osteodystrophy, a group of metabolic bone diseases associated with chronic kidney disease, affects bone turnover, mineralization, and volume. It is linked to increased cardiovascular calcification and mortality. Paget’s disease, a focal disease of high bone turnover, is more prevalent with age and is characterized by abnormal bone appearance and increased osteoclast activity. Osteopetrosis, a rare heritable disorder, is marked by increased bone density due to defective osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The article also discusses the pathophysiology and treatment of these disorders, emphasizing the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms to develop effective therapies.The article provides an overview of bone remodeling, a dynamic process essential for maintaining the skeleton's health and function. Bone remodeling involves the removal of old or damaged bone by osteoclasts and the subsequent formation of new bone by osteoblasts. This process is tightly regulated to ensure no net change in bone mass or quality after each cycle. However, various factors, including hormonal changes, age, physical activity, drugs, and secondary diseases, can disrupt this balance, leading to bone disorders such as osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy, osteopetrosis, Paget’s disease, and rickets. Osteoporosis, the most common disorder, is characterized by low bone mass and increased fracture risk. It can be primary (postmenopausal or age-related) or secondary to other conditions. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is primarily due to estrogen deficiency, while age-related osteoporosis involves both osteoclast activity and age-related changes in osteoblast function. Secondary osteoporosis results from various medical conditions, physical activity changes, or therapeutic interventions. Renal osteodystrophy, a group of metabolic bone diseases associated with chronic kidney disease, affects bone turnover, mineralization, and volume. It is linked to increased cardiovascular calcification and mortality. Paget’s disease, a focal disease of high bone turnover, is more prevalent with age and is characterized by abnormal bone appearance and increased osteoclast activity. Osteopetrosis, a rare heritable disorder, is marked by increased bone density due to defective osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The article also discusses the pathophysiology and treatment of these disorders, emphasizing the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms to develop effective therapies.