Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used flavor enhancer in processed foods, despite being considered safe with no recommended daily dosage. However, excessive consumption has been linked to various pathophysiological events, including neuro-, cardio-, and hepato-toxic effects, as well as metabolic dysfunction. This review focuses on the multi-systemic effects of MSG exposure, particularly on male reproductive functions. MSG has been shown to damage male reproductive accessory organs, such as the prostate and epididymis, and impair serum enzymatic activities and hormone levels. It also reduces sperm count, motility, morphology, and viability, and alters the histoarchitecture of the testes. The literature supports a link between MSG overconsumption and reproductive organ weight and male sexual behavior. The review discusses the possible mechanisms of action of MSG, including its impact on taste receptors and signaling factors in the testes and epididymis, and the role of oxidative stress in its toxic effects. Additionally, the protective role of natural antioxidants in mitigating MSG-induced testicular toxicity is explored, highlighting the potential benefits of dietary antioxidants in reducing the negative impacts of MSG on male reproductive health.Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used flavor enhancer in processed foods, despite being considered safe with no recommended daily dosage. However, excessive consumption has been linked to various pathophysiological events, including neuro-, cardio-, and hepato-toxic effects, as well as metabolic dysfunction. This review focuses on the multi-systemic effects of MSG exposure, particularly on male reproductive functions. MSG has been shown to damage male reproductive accessory organs, such as the prostate and epididymis, and impair serum enzymatic activities and hormone levels. It also reduces sperm count, motility, morphology, and viability, and alters the histoarchitecture of the testes. The literature supports a link between MSG overconsumption and reproductive organ weight and male sexual behavior. The review discusses the possible mechanisms of action of MSG, including its impact on taste receptors and signaling factors in the testes and epididymis, and the role of oxidative stress in its toxic effects. Additionally, the protective role of natural antioxidants in mitigating MSG-induced testicular toxicity is explored, highlighting the potential benefits of dietary antioxidants in reducing the negative impacts of MSG on male reproductive health.