The article by Berridge, Robinson, and Aldridge reviews the psychological components of reward and their underlying neural mechanisms. They highlight three dissociable psychological components: 'liking' (hedonic impact), 'wanting' (incentive salience), and learning (predictive associations and cognitions). The authors discuss how these components can be measured and manipulated, particularly through neuroimaging and neural recording studies. They emphasize the importance of understanding the neurobiological substrates of these components to develop better treatments for disorders of mood and motivation, such as depression, eating disorders, and drug addiction. For 'liking,' the authors explore how subjective pleasure is influenced by objective measures, such as facial expressions in infants and animals. They identify brain regions like the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and insula that are activated by rewards, and discuss the role of opioid, endocannabinoid, and GABA-benzodiazepine neurotransmitter systems in generating pleasure. For 'wanting,' the authors distinguish it from cognitive desires and focus on subcortically weighted neural systems, including mesolimbic dopamine projections. They explain how 'wanting' can be triggered by innate or learned stimuli and how it can lead to compulsive behavior in conditions like addiction. The article also discusses the neurobiological substrates for 'wanting,' which are more widely distributed and easily activated compared to those for 'liking.' They highlight the role of dopamine and its interactions with other neurotransmitters in activating 'wanting' without necessarily enhancing 'liking.' Finally, the authors explore the dissociation between learned prediction and incentive salience, suggesting that these components have distinct psychological identities and neural substrates. They conclude that understanding these components can lead to better treatments for disorders of motivation and mood.The article by Berridge, Robinson, and Aldridge reviews the psychological components of reward and their underlying neural mechanisms. They highlight three dissociable psychological components: 'liking' (hedonic impact), 'wanting' (incentive salience), and learning (predictive associations and cognitions). The authors discuss how these components can be measured and manipulated, particularly through neuroimaging and neural recording studies. They emphasize the importance of understanding the neurobiological substrates of these components to develop better treatments for disorders of mood and motivation, such as depression, eating disorders, and drug addiction. For 'liking,' the authors explore how subjective pleasure is influenced by objective measures, such as facial expressions in infants and animals. They identify brain regions like the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and insula that are activated by rewards, and discuss the role of opioid, endocannabinoid, and GABA-benzodiazepine neurotransmitter systems in generating pleasure. For 'wanting,' the authors distinguish it from cognitive desires and focus on subcortically weighted neural systems, including mesolimbic dopamine projections. They explain how 'wanting' can be triggered by innate or learned stimuli and how it can lead to compulsive behavior in conditions like addiction. The article also discusses the neurobiological substrates for 'wanting,' which are more widely distributed and easily activated compared to those for 'liking.' They highlight the role of dopamine and its interactions with other neurotransmitters in activating 'wanting' without necessarily enhancing 'liking.' Finally, the authors explore the dissociation between learned prediction and incentive salience, suggesting that these components have distinct psychological identities and neural substrates. They conclude that understanding these components can lead to better treatments for disorders of motivation and mood.