The study investigates the distinct contributions of the cerebellum to intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) in the human brain. Using resting-state functional MRI and independent component analysis, the researchers identified cerebellar involvement in several ICNs, including the default-mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), salience network, and sensorimotor network. The results show that the neocerebellum, particularly lobules VI–VII, contributes to the DMN, ECN, and salience network, while the sensorimotor cerebellum (lobules V–VI) shows little overlap. The study also identifies clusters in the pontine and dentate nuclei, which are key points of cerebellar input and output. The findings suggest that the most phylogenetically recent part of the cerebellum, particularly crus I and II, is involved in parallel cortico-cerebellar loops related to executive control, salience detection, and episodic memory. The neocerebellum plays a significant role in the ECN, which is involved in higher cognitive functions such as working memory. The study highlights the distinct functional roles of different cerebellar regions in various cognitive and affective processes, emphasizing the importance of the cerebellum in nonmotor functions. The results provide evidence that the cerebellum contributes to multiple ICNs, with distinct regions involved in different networks, and suggest that the cerebellum may play a crucial role in higher-order cognitive and affective processing. The study also notes that the functional significance of some cerebellar regions remains unresolved, and further research is needed to clarify their roles in cognitive and affective functions.The study investigates the distinct contributions of the cerebellum to intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) in the human brain. Using resting-state functional MRI and independent component analysis, the researchers identified cerebellar involvement in several ICNs, including the default-mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), salience network, and sensorimotor network. The results show that the neocerebellum, particularly lobules VI–VII, contributes to the DMN, ECN, and salience network, while the sensorimotor cerebellum (lobules V–VI) shows little overlap. The study also identifies clusters in the pontine and dentate nuclei, which are key points of cerebellar input and output. The findings suggest that the most phylogenetically recent part of the cerebellum, particularly crus I and II, is involved in parallel cortico-cerebellar loops related to executive control, salience detection, and episodic memory. The neocerebellum plays a significant role in the ECN, which is involved in higher cognitive functions such as working memory. The study highlights the distinct functional roles of different cerebellar regions in various cognitive and affective processes, emphasizing the importance of the cerebellum in nonmotor functions. The results provide evidence that the cerebellum contributes to multiple ICNs, with distinct regions involved in different networks, and suggest that the cerebellum may play a crucial role in higher-order cognitive and affective processing. The study also notes that the functional significance of some cerebellar regions remains unresolved, and further research is needed to clarify their roles in cognitive and affective functions.