Distributed quantum sensing of multiple phases with fewer photons

Distributed quantum sensing of multiple phases with fewer photons

11 January 2024 | Dong-Hyun Kim, Seongjin Hong, Yong-Su Kim, Yosep Kim, Seung-Woo Lee, Raphael C. Pooser, Kyunghwan Oh, Su-Yong Lee, Changhyoup Lee, Hyang-Tag Lim
This paper presents a distributed quantum sensing scheme that achieves quantum-enhanced sensitivity with fewer photons than the number of parameters to be estimated. Traditional schemes often require entangled states with photon numbers equal to or greater than the number of parameters, which is resource-intensive. The proposed method uses a two-photon entangled state to estimate four phases distributed 3 km away from a central node, achieving a 2.2 dB sensitivity enhancement beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL). The scheme demonstrates that Heisenberg scaling can be achieved even with fewer photons, making it scalable for large-scale distributed quantum sensing. The experimental setup involves distributing a two-photon entangled state among four nodes, phase encoding at each node, and measuring the states using local measurements. The estimated phases are obtained using the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), showing that the sensitivity exceeds the SQL. The results provide a promising platform for investigating distributed quantum sensor networks.This paper presents a distributed quantum sensing scheme that achieves quantum-enhanced sensitivity with fewer photons than the number of parameters to be estimated. Traditional schemes often require entangled states with photon numbers equal to or greater than the number of parameters, which is resource-intensive. The proposed method uses a two-photon entangled state to estimate four phases distributed 3 km away from a central node, achieving a 2.2 dB sensitivity enhancement beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL). The scheme demonstrates that Heisenberg scaling can be achieved even with fewer photons, making it scalable for large-scale distributed quantum sensing. The experimental setup involves distributing a two-photon entangled state among four nodes, phase encoding at each node, and measuring the states using local measurements. The estimated phases are obtained using the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), showing that the sensitivity exceeds the SQL. The results provide a promising platform for investigating distributed quantum sensor networks.
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Understanding Distributed quantum sensing of multiple phases with fewer photons