This comprehensive review explores the intricate roles of dopamine D1–D5 receptors in various brain nuclei, highlighting their physiological significance and implications for health and disease. Dopamine receptors, distributed across different brain regions, play crucial roles in motor control, reward processing, cognitive functions, and emotional responses. The review delves into the specific functions of each receptor subtype (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) in distinct brain regions, such as the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, limbic system, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and striatum. Genetic variations in these receptors are linked to an increased risk of schizophrenia, parkinsonism, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The review also discusses the use of dopamine receptor imaging techniques, such as PET and SPECT, to study the distribution and function of these receptors in the human brain. Additionally, it examines the impact of dopamine receptor dysregulation on neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, addiction, and cognitive impairments. Understanding the nuanced roles of dopamine receptors in these brain regions is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the impact of aging and mental health on neurological well-being.This comprehensive review explores the intricate roles of dopamine D1–D5 receptors in various brain nuclei, highlighting their physiological significance and implications for health and disease. Dopamine receptors, distributed across different brain regions, play crucial roles in motor control, reward processing, cognitive functions, and emotional responses. The review delves into the specific functions of each receptor subtype (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) in distinct brain regions, such as the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, limbic system, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and striatum. Genetic variations in these receptors are linked to an increased risk of schizophrenia, parkinsonism, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The review also discusses the use of dopamine receptor imaging techniques, such as PET and SPECT, to study the distribution and function of these receptors in the human brain. Additionally, it examines the impact of dopamine receptor dysregulation on neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, addiction, and cognitive impairments. Understanding the nuanced roles of dopamine receptors in these brain regions is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the impact of aging and mental health on neurological well-being.