This systematic literature review examines the factors contributing to dropout rates in online higher education (OHE). The study, following PRISMA guidelines, identified 110 relevant articles published between 2013 and June 2023. The review covers demographic, course-related, technology-related, motivational, and support-related aspects that influence student decisions in online learning programs. Key contributors to dropout include course quality, academic preparation, student satisfaction, learner motivation, system attributes, and support services. Conversely, health concerns, financial limitations, technological issues, screen fatigue, isolation, and academic workload are significant limitations reported by online learners. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and strategies to enhance the quality and effectiveness of online education, guiding decision-makers and instructors in developing policies and strategies to reduce dropout rates and improve student success and satisfaction. The review also discusses the strengths, limitations, and future research directions, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of the study and its practical implications for educators and course designers.This systematic literature review examines the factors contributing to dropout rates in online higher education (OHE). The study, following PRISMA guidelines, identified 110 relevant articles published between 2013 and June 2023. The review covers demographic, course-related, technology-related, motivational, and support-related aspects that influence student decisions in online learning programs. Key contributors to dropout include course quality, academic preparation, student satisfaction, learner motivation, system attributes, and support services. Conversely, health concerns, financial limitations, technological issues, screen fatigue, isolation, and academic workload are significant limitations reported by online learners. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and strategies to enhance the quality and effectiveness of online education, guiding decision-makers and instructors in developing policies and strategies to reduce dropout rates and improve student success and satisfaction. The review also discusses the strengths, limitations, and future research directions, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of the study and its practical implications for educators and course designers.