Drought stress significantly impacts wheat production, affecting its morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. Wheat is a crucial cereal crop, providing essential nutrients and calories. Drought stress, caused by changing rainfall patterns, increased CO₂ levels, rising temperatures, and hot dry winds, leads to reduced yield, germination, seed vigor, early leaf senescence, and decreased chlorophyll content. Drought also produces reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative damage and programmed cell death. Wheat has developed tolerance mechanisms such as drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance, including increased trichome density, root: shoot ratio, accumulation of proline, and production of enzymes like SOD, APX, POD, and CAT. Genetic management strategies, including screening for novel trait combinations, genetic engineering, and transgenic approaches, are essential for developing drought-tolerant wheat varieties. Agronomic practices such as crop rotation, irrigation scheduling, seed priming, and mulching also help mitigate drought stress. Drought stress reduces photosynthesis, starch accumulation, and grain yield, while increasing the production of osmoprotectants like proline and soluble sugars. Drought tolerance mechanisms include osmotic adjustment, ABA accumulation, and the formation of dehydrins. Molecular mechanisms involve signal transduction, transcription factors, and drought-responsive genes. Effective drought management requires a combination of genetic and agronomic approaches to ensure food security and meet global food demands.Drought stress significantly impacts wheat production, affecting its morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. Wheat is a crucial cereal crop, providing essential nutrients and calories. Drought stress, caused by changing rainfall patterns, increased CO₂ levels, rising temperatures, and hot dry winds, leads to reduced yield, germination, seed vigor, early leaf senescence, and decreased chlorophyll content. Drought also produces reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative damage and programmed cell death. Wheat has developed tolerance mechanisms such as drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance, including increased trichome density, root: shoot ratio, accumulation of proline, and production of enzymes like SOD, APX, POD, and CAT. Genetic management strategies, including screening for novel trait combinations, genetic engineering, and transgenic approaches, are essential for developing drought-tolerant wheat varieties. Agronomic practices such as crop rotation, irrigation scheduling, seed priming, and mulching also help mitigate drought stress. Drought stress reduces photosynthesis, starch accumulation, and grain yield, while increasing the production of osmoprotectants like proline and soluble sugars. Drought tolerance mechanisms include osmotic adjustment, ABA accumulation, and the formation of dehydrins. Molecular mechanisms involve signal transduction, transcription factors, and drought-responsive genes. Effective drought management requires a combination of genetic and agronomic approaches to ensure food security and meet global food demands.