The paper "Drug Resistance Mutations for Surveillance of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug-Resistance: 2009 Update" by Bennett et al. (2009) provides an updated list of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) for monitoring transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance. The authors, from various institutions worldwide, outline the criteria used to develop the SDRM list, which includes mutations recognized as causing or contributing to drug resistance, non-polymorphic mutations, and mutations applicable to common HIV-1 subtypes. Since the 2007 list, new drugs and mutations have been identified, leading to the inclusion of 16 additional mutations in the 2009 update. The updated list consists of 93 mutations, including 34 NRTI, 19 NNRTI, and 40 PI-associated mutations. The study emphasizes the importance of a standardized SDRM list for accurate comparison of transmitted drug resistance rates across different regions and times, while acknowledging the challenges in achieving high sensitivity and specificity. The paper also discusses the potential for false positives due to low-level polymorphisms and the need for caution in interpreting transmitted resistance data.The paper "Drug Resistance Mutations for Surveillance of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug-Resistance: 2009 Update" by Bennett et al. (2009) provides an updated list of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) for monitoring transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance. The authors, from various institutions worldwide, outline the criteria used to develop the SDRM list, which includes mutations recognized as causing or contributing to drug resistance, non-polymorphic mutations, and mutations applicable to common HIV-1 subtypes. Since the 2007 list, new drugs and mutations have been identified, leading to the inclusion of 16 additional mutations in the 2009 update. The updated list consists of 93 mutations, including 34 NRTI, 19 NNRTI, and 40 PI-associated mutations. The study emphasizes the importance of a standardized SDRM list for accurate comparison of transmitted drug resistance rates across different regions and times, while acknowledging the challenges in achieving high sensitivity and specificity. The paper also discusses the potential for false positives due to low-level polymorphisms and the need for caution in interpreting transmitted resistance data.