| Jörg Doppler, Alexei A. Mailybaev, Julian Böhm, Ulrich Kuhl, Adrian Girschik, Florian Libisch, Thomas J. Milburn, Peter Rabl, Nimrod Moiseyev, and Stefan Rotter
This paper presents an experimental demonstration of dynamically encircling an exceptional point (EP) in a waveguide, which allows access to non-adiabatic effects associated with EPs. The study shows that the dynamics of encircling an EP can be mapped onto the problem of scattering through a two-mode waveguide, enabling the exploration of EP physics in a practical setting. The waveguide structure is designed to steer incoming waves around an EP during transmission, inducing mode transitions that make it a robust and asymmetric switch between different waveguide modes.
Exceptional points are points in parameter space where two resonant modes coalesce, leading to non-Hermitian degeneracies. These points have been shown to give rise to fascinating phenomena, such as state flips and geometric phase accumulation, when approached or encircled. However, previous experiments have only been able to observe these effects in quasi-static conditions, not in fully dynamical encircling. This study overcomes this limitation by demonstrating that waveguides with two transverse modes can be engineered such that transmission through them corresponds to a slow dynamical encircling of an EP.
The paper describes a waveguide structure that allows for the controlled coupling between two propagating modes, with the transmission problem reduced to only two modes. The waveguide is designed with a boundary modulation that enables the slow variation of parameters along the waveguide, which corresponds to a slow encircling of the EP. The study shows that the direction of injection into the waveguide corresponds to the direction of encircling the EP, resulting in different output modes depending on the injection side.
The experimental results confirm the asymmetric switching effect, with modes injected from one side being transmitted into the first mode at the exit, while modes injected from the other side produce the second mode. The study also demonstrates the robustness of these transmission values with respect to variations in input frequency, a broad-band feature that is a direct consequence of the design principle. The results show that the device is significantly more efficient in terms of length-to-width ratio and output intensity compared to previous designs.
The study provides a platform-independent approach to mode switching that is applicable to various wave types, including microwaves, light, acoustic, and matter waves. The experimental setup uses a surface-modulated microwave waveguide with a magnetized absorbing foam material to achieve the required losses. The results confirm the non-adiabatic behavior associated with EPs and demonstrate the feasibility of dynamically encircling an EP in a waveguide.This paper presents an experimental demonstration of dynamically encircling an exceptional point (EP) in a waveguide, which allows access to non-adiabatic effects associated with EPs. The study shows that the dynamics of encircling an EP can be mapped onto the problem of scattering through a two-mode waveguide, enabling the exploration of EP physics in a practical setting. The waveguide structure is designed to steer incoming waves around an EP during transmission, inducing mode transitions that make it a robust and asymmetric switch between different waveguide modes.
Exceptional points are points in parameter space where two resonant modes coalesce, leading to non-Hermitian degeneracies. These points have been shown to give rise to fascinating phenomena, such as state flips and geometric phase accumulation, when approached or encircled. However, previous experiments have only been able to observe these effects in quasi-static conditions, not in fully dynamical encircling. This study overcomes this limitation by demonstrating that waveguides with two transverse modes can be engineered such that transmission through them corresponds to a slow dynamical encircling of an EP.
The paper describes a waveguide structure that allows for the controlled coupling between two propagating modes, with the transmission problem reduced to only two modes. The waveguide is designed with a boundary modulation that enables the slow variation of parameters along the waveguide, which corresponds to a slow encircling of the EP. The study shows that the direction of injection into the waveguide corresponds to the direction of encircling the EP, resulting in different output modes depending on the injection side.
The experimental results confirm the asymmetric switching effect, with modes injected from one side being transmitted into the first mode at the exit, while modes injected from the other side produce the second mode. The study also demonstrates the robustness of these transmission values with respect to variations in input frequency, a broad-band feature that is a direct consequence of the design principle. The results show that the device is significantly more efficient in terms of length-to-width ratio and output intensity compared to previous designs.
The study provides a platform-independent approach to mode switching that is applicable to various wave types, including microwaves, light, acoustic, and matter waves. The experimental setup uses a surface-modulated microwave waveguide with a magnetized absorbing foam material to achieve the required losses. The results confirm the non-adiabatic behavior associated with EPs and demonstrate the feasibility of dynamically encircling an EP in a waveguide.