The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) refers to the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper highlights the increasing prevalence of DBM, particularly in the poorest LMICs, driven by rising overweight/obesity rates. Indonesia is the largest country experiencing severe DBM, but many other Asian and sub-Saharan African countries also face this issue. The paper discusses the role of rapid changes in food systems, including the availability of cheap ultra-processed foods and reduced physical activity due to technological advancements. Understanding DBM is crucial for developing effective interventions. The paper also emphasizes the need for new approaches to address all forms of malnutrition, including undernutrition and overweight/obesity. The analysis shows that DBM is concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and East Asia. The paper highlights the economic and social factors contributing to DBM, including urbanization, migration, and changes in food systems. The new nutrition reality is characterized by the increasing availability of ultra-processed foods, which are linked to obesity and non-communicable diseases. The paper calls for urgent action to address the drivers of this nutrition reality and implement effective policies to tackle DBM.The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) refers to the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper highlights the increasing prevalence of DBM, particularly in the poorest LMICs, driven by rising overweight/obesity rates. Indonesia is the largest country experiencing severe DBM, but many other Asian and sub-Saharan African countries also face this issue. The paper discusses the role of rapid changes in food systems, including the availability of cheap ultra-processed foods and reduced physical activity due to technological advancements. Understanding DBM is crucial for developing effective interventions. The paper also emphasizes the need for new approaches to address all forms of malnutrition, including undernutrition and overweight/obesity. The analysis shows that DBM is concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and East Asia. The paper highlights the economic and social factors contributing to DBM, including urbanization, migration, and changes in food systems. The new nutrition reality is characterized by the increasing availability of ultra-processed foods, which are linked to obesity and non-communicable diseases. The paper calls for urgent action to address the drivers of this nutrition reality and implement effective policies to tackle DBM.