The article "Dysconnection in Schizophrenia: From Abnormal Synaptic Plasticity to Failures of Self-monitoring" by Klaas E. Stephan, Karl J. Friston, and Chris D. Frith explores the dysconnectivity hypothesis in schizophrenia. The authors argue that the core pathology in schizophrenia is aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic plasticity due to abnormal regulation by neuromodulatory transmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. This dysconnectivity results in failures of self-monitoring, leading to first-rank symptoms such as delusions of control and hallucinations. The article reviews evidence from neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuropathology, and genetics to support the dysconnection hypothesis. It also discusses how this hypothesis can explain clinical symptoms and addresses the relationship between dysconnectivity and established facts about schizophrenia, including its heterogeneous presentation, peak onset in young adulthood, heritability, and genetic and environmental influences. The authors conclude by suggesting that the dysconnection hypothesis provides a unifying framework for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and its clinical manifestations.The article "Dysconnection in Schizophrenia: From Abnormal Synaptic Plasticity to Failures of Self-monitoring" by Klaas E. Stephan, Karl J. Friston, and Chris D. Frith explores the dysconnectivity hypothesis in schizophrenia. The authors argue that the core pathology in schizophrenia is aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic plasticity due to abnormal regulation by neuromodulatory transmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. This dysconnectivity results in failures of self-monitoring, leading to first-rank symptoms such as delusions of control and hallucinations. The article reviews evidence from neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuropathology, and genetics to support the dysconnection hypothesis. It also discusses how this hypothesis can explain clinical symptoms and addresses the relationship between dysconnectivity and established facts about schizophrenia, including its heterogeneous presentation, peak onset in young adulthood, heritability, and genetic and environmental influences. The authors conclude by suggesting that the dysconnection hypothesis provides a unifying framework for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and its clinical manifestations.