The article reviews the mechanisms and potential targets for treating dyslipidemia in obesity. Obesity is a significant global health issue, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, respiratory disorders, and dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia in obesity is characterized by elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides, small dense LDL particles, and low HDL-C levels. The review discusses the impaired lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, increased postprandial lipemia, and the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity. It highlights the importance of the acylation-stimulation protein (ASP)/C3adesArg pathway in FFA metabolism and its impairment in obesity. The article also explores the interplay between FFA metabolism and inflammation, emphasizing the role of the complement system. Lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss, physical exercise, and dietary changes, are recommended for managing obesity-related dyslipidemia. Pharmacological treatments, including statins, fibrates, and niacin, are discussed, with a focus on their effectiveness in reducing LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apoB levels. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to target atherogenic lipid burden more accurately than LDL-C alone in obesity.The article reviews the mechanisms and potential targets for treating dyslipidemia in obesity. Obesity is a significant global health issue, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, respiratory disorders, and dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia in obesity is characterized by elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides, small dense LDL particles, and low HDL-C levels. The review discusses the impaired lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, increased postprandial lipemia, and the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity. It highlights the importance of the acylation-stimulation protein (ASP)/C3adesArg pathway in FFA metabolism and its impairment in obesity. The article also explores the interplay between FFA metabolism and inflammation, emphasizing the role of the complement system. Lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss, physical exercise, and dietary changes, are recommended for managing obesity-related dyslipidemia. Pharmacological treatments, including statins, fibrates, and niacin, are discussed, with a focus on their effectiveness in reducing LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apoB levels. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to target atherogenic lipid burden more accurately than LDL-C alone in obesity.