Digital transformation in supply chain optimization has become a critical driver of innovation and efficiency, reshaping traditional economic paradigms and yielding significant practical implications. This paper explores the economic theory and practical impacts of digital transformation in supply chain optimization. It examines the evolution from traditional supply chain models to digitally-enabled ecosystems, highlighting the integration of technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. These technologies enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and mitigate risks, while game theory applications elucidate strategic interactions among supply chain stakeholders. Practically, digital transformation enables enhanced visibility, real-time tracking, and predictive analytics, fostering agility and responsiveness in supply chain operations. Automation and AI-driven insights empower decision-makers to optimize resource allocation and mitigate disruptions effectively. Case studies illustrate the tangible benefits and strategic advantages of digital transformation in various industries. However, challenges such as cybersecurity threats, data privacy concerns, and integration complexities of legacy systems pose significant hurdles. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach encompassing technological innovation, regulatory frameworks, and workforce development. Future trends such as blockchain integration, IoT applications, and sustainability initiatives promise further advancements in supply chain optimization. The economic theory of digital transformation in supply chain optimization encompasses the integration of digital technologies, the impact on efficiency and costs, and the application of game theory to strategic decision-making. By embracing digital innovation and leveraging economic insights, organizations can navigate the complexities of the digital era, drive sustainable growth, and create value for stakeholders. The practical impacts of digital transformation include enhanced visibility, real-time tracking, predictive analytics, automation, and AI-driven decision-making, which enable organizations to achieve greater agility, efficiency, and resilience in today's dynamic business environment. Challenges such as cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, and integration complexities require proactive measures to ensure compliance and mitigate risks. Future trends and opportunities in supply chain management include blockchain technology, IoT applications, sustainability initiatives, and regulatory implications. By embracing these trends and addressing associated challenges, organizations can enhance supply chain resilience, efficiency, and sustainability while driving business growth and competitive advantage.Digital transformation in supply chain optimization has become a critical driver of innovation and efficiency, reshaping traditional economic paradigms and yielding significant practical implications. This paper explores the economic theory and practical impacts of digital transformation in supply chain optimization. It examines the evolution from traditional supply chain models to digitally-enabled ecosystems, highlighting the integration of technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. These technologies enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and mitigate risks, while game theory applications elucidate strategic interactions among supply chain stakeholders. Practically, digital transformation enables enhanced visibility, real-time tracking, and predictive analytics, fostering agility and responsiveness in supply chain operations. Automation and AI-driven insights empower decision-makers to optimize resource allocation and mitigate disruptions effectively. Case studies illustrate the tangible benefits and strategic advantages of digital transformation in various industries. However, challenges such as cybersecurity threats, data privacy concerns, and integration complexities of legacy systems pose significant hurdles. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach encompassing technological innovation, regulatory frameworks, and workforce development. Future trends such as blockchain integration, IoT applications, and sustainability initiatives promise further advancements in supply chain optimization. The economic theory of digital transformation in supply chain optimization encompasses the integration of digital technologies, the impact on efficiency and costs, and the application of game theory to strategic decision-making. By embracing digital innovation and leveraging economic insights, organizations can navigate the complexities of the digital era, drive sustainable growth, and create value for stakeholders. The practical impacts of digital transformation include enhanced visibility, real-time tracking, predictive analytics, automation, and AI-driven decision-making, which enable organizations to achieve greater agility, efficiency, and resilience in today's dynamic business environment. Challenges such as cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, and integration complexities require proactive measures to ensure compliance and mitigate risks. Future trends and opportunities in supply chain management include blockchain technology, IoT applications, sustainability initiatives, and regulatory implications. By embracing these trends and addressing associated challenges, organizations can enhance supply chain resilience, efficiency, and sustainability while driving business growth and competitive advantage.