Entrepreneurship in Africa has emerged as a dynamic force, marked by significant growth and persistent challenges. This review explores the key drivers of African entrepreneurship, including population growth, urbanization, government support, international partnerships, and a rising culture of innovation. These factors have created a fertile ground for business innovation and economic diversification. However, the entrepreneurial landscape is also shaped by challenges such as infrastructure deficiencies, limited access to financing, regulatory complexities, and political instability. These challenges hinder the operational efficiency of businesses and limit the potential of aspiring entrepreneurs. The review also highlights socio-cultural and educational barriers that affect the development of entrepreneurial skills. Educational disparities and gender inequalities pose significant obstacles for aspiring entrepreneurs, particularly women. Addressing these challenges requires systemic reforms, inclusive policies, and targeted support for marginalized communities. The review emphasizes the need for tailored strategies that account for the unique context of each African nation and community. To enhance the entrepreneurial ecosystem, governments and stakeholders should streamline regulations, promote microfinance, integrate entrepreneurship education into mainstream curricula, and implement policies that address gender disparities. These measures are essential for creating a supportive environment that fosters innovation, inclusivity, and sustainable economic growth. By addressing both the growth drivers and challenges, Africa can unlock its entrepreneurial potential and contribute to sustainable development.Entrepreneurship in Africa has emerged as a dynamic force, marked by significant growth and persistent challenges. This review explores the key drivers of African entrepreneurship, including population growth, urbanization, government support, international partnerships, and a rising culture of innovation. These factors have created a fertile ground for business innovation and economic diversification. However, the entrepreneurial landscape is also shaped by challenges such as infrastructure deficiencies, limited access to financing, regulatory complexities, and political instability. These challenges hinder the operational efficiency of businesses and limit the potential of aspiring entrepreneurs. The review also highlights socio-cultural and educational barriers that affect the development of entrepreneurial skills. Educational disparities and gender inequalities pose significant obstacles for aspiring entrepreneurs, particularly women. Addressing these challenges requires systemic reforms, inclusive policies, and targeted support for marginalized communities. The review emphasizes the need for tailored strategies that account for the unique context of each African nation and community. To enhance the entrepreneurial ecosystem, governments and stakeholders should streamline regulations, promote microfinance, integrate entrepreneurship education into mainstream curricula, and implement policies that address gender disparities. These measures are essential for creating a supportive environment that fosters innovation, inclusivity, and sustainable economic growth. By addressing both the growth drivers and challenges, Africa can unlock its entrepreneurial potential and contribute to sustainable development.