The ERK/MAPK signalling pathway is a key regulator of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress responses. This pathway consists of three main kinases: MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K), MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and MAPK, which activate and phosphorylate downstream proteins. ERK1 and ERK2, evolutionarily conserved serine-threonine kinases, are central to the pathway and play critical roles in normal and pathological conditions. Dysregulation of the ERK pathway is implicated in cancer development and progression, with hyperactivation contributing to tumorigenesis. The Ras/Raf/MAPK (MEK)/ERK pathway is the most important among MAPK pathways and is crucial for tumour survival and development. Recent studies highlight the role of ERK in tumour proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as in tumour extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis. The ERK/MAPK pathway is involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and tumour angiogenesis. Activation of the ERK pathway is regulated by multiple factors, including growth factors, cytokines, and oncogenes. The pathway's dysregulation is associated with various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurological disorders. The ERK/MAPK pathway is a complex network that plays a significant role in tumorigenesis, and its regulation is essential for preventing cancer development. Understanding the mechanisms of the ERK/MAPK pathway is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat cancer.The ERK/MAPK signalling pathway is a key regulator of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress responses. This pathway consists of three main kinases: MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K), MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and MAPK, which activate and phosphorylate downstream proteins. ERK1 and ERK2, evolutionarily conserved serine-threonine kinases, are central to the pathway and play critical roles in normal and pathological conditions. Dysregulation of the ERK pathway is implicated in cancer development and progression, with hyperactivation contributing to tumorigenesis. The Ras/Raf/MAPK (MEK)/ERK pathway is the most important among MAPK pathways and is crucial for tumour survival and development. Recent studies highlight the role of ERK in tumour proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as in tumour extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis. The ERK/MAPK pathway is involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and tumour angiogenesis. Activation of the ERK pathway is regulated by multiple factors, including growth factors, cytokines, and oncogenes. The pathway's dysregulation is associated with various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurological disorders. The ERK/MAPK pathway is a complex network that plays a significant role in tumorigenesis, and its regulation is essential for preventing cancer development. Understanding the mechanisms of the ERK/MAPK pathway is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat cancer.