Early childhood investments significantly improve adult health, as shown by the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC), a long-term study of children from disadvantaged backgrounds. The study found that children randomly assigned to an early childhood intervention had significantly lower rates of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in their mid-30s, particularly among males. Treated males had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and better cholesterol levels compared to controls. These health benefits were confirmed through rigorous statistical methods, including exact permutation tests and bootstrap confidence intervals. The study also addressed challenges such as small sample sizes, multiple hypothesis testing, and non-random attrition. The findings suggest that early life interventions can prevent disease and promote long-term health. The ABC program, which included educational and health care components, showed sustained health benefits, including reduced obesity and improved health outcomes. The study highlights the importance of early childhood programs in improving adult health and reducing healthcare costs. The results underscore the potential of early interventions to have lasting positive effects on health and well-being.Early childhood investments significantly improve adult health, as shown by the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC), a long-term study of children from disadvantaged backgrounds. The study found that children randomly assigned to an early childhood intervention had significantly lower rates of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in their mid-30s, particularly among males. Treated males had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and better cholesterol levels compared to controls. These health benefits were confirmed through rigorous statistical methods, including exact permutation tests and bootstrap confidence intervals. The study also addressed challenges such as small sample sizes, multiple hypothesis testing, and non-random attrition. The findings suggest that early life interventions can prevent disease and promote long-term health. The ABC program, which included educational and health care components, showed sustained health benefits, including reduced obesity and improved health outcomes. The study highlights the importance of early childhood programs in improving adult health and reducing healthcare costs. The results underscore the potential of early interventions to have lasting positive effects on health and well-being.