The American Urological Association (AUA) has published a guideline for early detection of prostate cancer in asymptomatic average-risk men. The guideline aims to provide urologists with a framework for early detection, focusing on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and other tests. A systematic review of over 300 studies was conducted to assess the evidence for various outcomes, including prostate cancer incidence, mortality, quality of life, diagnostic accuracy, and harms of testing. The panel considered both the quality of evidence and patient values and preferences in their recommendations. Key findings include: - Minimal evidence for other tests except PSA-based screening. - Moderate evidence for benefits and high evidence for harms in men aged 55 to 69 years. - Lacking evidence for benefits outside this age range, but harms remain. - Modeling data suggest a two-year screening interval may reduce harms. The panel recommends shared decision-making for men aged 55 to 69 years considering PSA-based screening, as the benefits may outweigh the harms. For men outside this age range, routine PSA-based screening is not recommended due to insufficient evidence. The guideline emphasizes the importance of considering individual life expectancy and risk factors when making screening decisions. The guideline also highlights the need for further research on the harms and benefits of screening in different age groups and ethnicities, as well as the development of targeted screening approaches to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment.The American Urological Association (AUA) has published a guideline for early detection of prostate cancer in asymptomatic average-risk men. The guideline aims to provide urologists with a framework for early detection, focusing on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and other tests. A systematic review of over 300 studies was conducted to assess the evidence for various outcomes, including prostate cancer incidence, mortality, quality of life, diagnostic accuracy, and harms of testing. The panel considered both the quality of evidence and patient values and preferences in their recommendations. Key findings include: - Minimal evidence for other tests except PSA-based screening. - Moderate evidence for benefits and high evidence for harms in men aged 55 to 69 years. - Lacking evidence for benefits outside this age range, but harms remain. - Modeling data suggest a two-year screening interval may reduce harms. The panel recommends shared decision-making for men aged 55 to 69 years considering PSA-based screening, as the benefits may outweigh the harms. For men outside this age range, routine PSA-based screening is not recommended due to insufficient evidence. The guideline emphasizes the importance of considering individual life expectancy and risk factors when making screening decisions. The guideline also highlights the need for further research on the harms and benefits of screening in different age groups and ethnicities, as well as the development of targeted screening approaches to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment.