This paper provides an updated global annual mean energy budget of Earth, incorporating new observations and analyses. The authors detail changes over time and contributions from the land and ocean domains. They emphasize that weather and climate are determined by the amount and distribution of incoming solar radiation, which must balance outgoing longwave radiation for an equilibrium climate. The energy budget includes the transformation of radiant solar energy into sensible heat, latent energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy, which can be stored, transported, and converted among different forms, leading to various weather phenomena. The paper discusses the role of clouds and greenhouse gases in radiative energy flows and the importance of satellite data and reanalyses in improving estimates. It highlights the TOA imbalance, which is crucial for understanding climate change, and presents a detailed breakdown of the energy budget into land and ocean domains. The authors also address spatial and temporal sampling issues, such as the impact of diurnal and seasonal variations on surface radiation exchanges. They conclude by discussing the uncertainties and challenges in determining the Earth's energy budget, emphasizing the need for further research and improvements in modeling and observation techniques.This paper provides an updated global annual mean energy budget of Earth, incorporating new observations and analyses. The authors detail changes over time and contributions from the land and ocean domains. They emphasize that weather and climate are determined by the amount and distribution of incoming solar radiation, which must balance outgoing longwave radiation for an equilibrium climate. The energy budget includes the transformation of radiant solar energy into sensible heat, latent energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy, which can be stored, transported, and converted among different forms, leading to various weather phenomena. The paper discusses the role of clouds and greenhouse gases in radiative energy flows and the importance of satellite data and reanalyses in improving estimates. It highlights the TOA imbalance, which is crucial for understanding climate change, and presents a detailed breakdown of the energy budget into land and ocean domains. The authors also address spatial and temporal sampling issues, such as the impact of diurnal and seasonal variations on surface radiation exchanges. They conclude by discussing the uncertainties and challenges in determining the Earth's energy budget, emphasizing the need for further research and improvements in modeling and observation techniques.