The paper updates the Earth's global annual mean energy budget based on new observations and analyses, detailing changes over time and contributions from land and ocean domains. Earth's climate is determined by the balance of incoming solar radiation and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). The Earth's energy budget involves the transformation of solar energy into various forms before being emitted as longwave radiation. Energy is stored, transported, and converted, leading to weather and climate phenomena. Kiehl and Trenberth (1997) reviewed past estimates of the global energy budget and presented a new global mean energy budget based on measurements and models. They examined the spectral features of incoming and outgoing radiation and determined the role of clouds and greenhouse gases. The paper updates these estimates using more recent observations, including improvements in retrieval methods and hardware, and discusses uncertainties. State-of-the-art radiative models were used to partition radiant energy for clear and cloudy skies. Surface sensible and latent heat estimates were based on other observations and analyses. The imbalance at the TOA was adjusted to zero, and adjustments were made to account for changes observed when one of the three ERBE satellites failed. Improvements are now possible. The paper also discusses recent advances in understanding the energy budget, including satellite data and globally gridded reanalyses. Trenberth et al. (2001) performed comprehensive estimates of the atmospheric energy budget based on reanalyses and surface flux estimates. The radiative aspects have been explored in several studies, and estimates of surface radiation budgets have been given by various researchers. The paper provides an assessment of the global energy budgets at the TOA and the surface for the global atmosphere, ocean, and land domains based on satellite retrievals, reanalysis fields, land surface simulations, and ocean temperature estimates. The result is a revised and slightly larger value for the global OLR than in KT97. However, even bigger changes arise from using CERES data that presumably reflect the improved accuracy of CERES retrievals and its advances in retrieval methodology. The paper builds on the results of Fasullo and Trenberth (2008a,b) to update other parts of the energy cycle in the KT97 figure of flows through the atmosphere. The paper also breaks down the budgets into land and ocean domains and separately examines the ERBE and CERES periods to provide an assessment related to the changes in technology and effects of climate change. The paper discusses the datasets used, including satellite measurements and retrievals from the ERBE and CERES datasets. The TOA imbalance from CERES data is 6.4 W m⁻², which is outside the realm of current estimates of global imbalances. The TOA energy imbalance can probably be most accurately determined from climate models and is estimated to be 0.85 ± 0.15 W m⁻² by Hansen et al. (2005). The paperThe paper updates the Earth's global annual mean energy budget based on new observations and analyses, detailing changes over time and contributions from land and ocean domains. Earth's climate is determined by the balance of incoming solar radiation and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). The Earth's energy budget involves the transformation of solar energy into various forms before being emitted as longwave radiation. Energy is stored, transported, and converted, leading to weather and climate phenomena. Kiehl and Trenberth (1997) reviewed past estimates of the global energy budget and presented a new global mean energy budget based on measurements and models. They examined the spectral features of incoming and outgoing radiation and determined the role of clouds and greenhouse gases. The paper updates these estimates using more recent observations, including improvements in retrieval methods and hardware, and discusses uncertainties. State-of-the-art radiative models were used to partition radiant energy for clear and cloudy skies. Surface sensible and latent heat estimates were based on other observations and analyses. The imbalance at the TOA was adjusted to zero, and adjustments were made to account for changes observed when one of the three ERBE satellites failed. Improvements are now possible. The paper also discusses recent advances in understanding the energy budget, including satellite data and globally gridded reanalyses. Trenberth et al. (2001) performed comprehensive estimates of the atmospheric energy budget based on reanalyses and surface flux estimates. The radiative aspects have been explored in several studies, and estimates of surface radiation budgets have been given by various researchers. The paper provides an assessment of the global energy budgets at the TOA and the surface for the global atmosphere, ocean, and land domains based on satellite retrievals, reanalysis fields, land surface simulations, and ocean temperature estimates. The result is a revised and slightly larger value for the global OLR than in KT97. However, even bigger changes arise from using CERES data that presumably reflect the improved accuracy of CERES retrievals and its advances in retrieval methodology. The paper builds on the results of Fasullo and Trenberth (2008a,b) to update other parts of the energy cycle in the KT97 figure of flows through the atmosphere. The paper also breaks down the budgets into land and ocean domains and separately examines the ERBE and CERES periods to provide an assessment related to the changes in technology and effects of climate change. The paper discusses the datasets used, including satellite measurements and retrievals from the ERBE and CERES datasets. The TOA imbalance from CERES data is 6.4 W m⁻², which is outside the realm of current estimates of global imbalances. The TOA energy imbalance can probably be most accurately determined from climate models and is estimated to be 0.85 ± 0.15 W m⁻² by Hansen et al. (2005). The paper