This study investigates the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating habits and lifestyle changes among the Italian population aged 12 years and older. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic information, anthropometric data, dietary habits, and lifestyle habits from April 5 to April 24, 2020. The survey was disseminated through various online platforms and social networks. A total of 3533 respondents participated in the study, with a majority being female (76.1%). Key findings include: - **Weight Perception**: 48.6% of respondents perceived weight gain. - **Smoking**: 3.3% of smokers quit smoking. - **Physical Activity**: 38.3% of respondents reported increased physical activity, particularly for bodyweight training. - **Dietary Habits**: The 18-30 age group showed higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared to younger and older populations. - **Food Consumption**: 15% of respondents turned to farmers or organic markets for fruits and vegetables, especially in Northern and Central Italy, where BMI values were lower. - **Mediterranean Diet Adherence**: The study found no deterioration in adherence to the Mediterranean diet during the lockdown, with a significant difference in adherence scores among the three Italian regions. The study highlights the importance of maintaining healthy eating habits and lifestyle changes during the pandemic to optimize public health. However, as the pandemic continues, further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger population studies.This study investigates the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating habits and lifestyle changes among the Italian population aged 12 years and older. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic information, anthropometric data, dietary habits, and lifestyle habits from April 5 to April 24, 2020. The survey was disseminated through various online platforms and social networks. A total of 3533 respondents participated in the study, with a majority being female (76.1%). Key findings include: - **Weight Perception**: 48.6% of respondents perceived weight gain. - **Smoking**: 3.3% of smokers quit smoking. - **Physical Activity**: 38.3% of respondents reported increased physical activity, particularly for bodyweight training. - **Dietary Habits**: The 18-30 age group showed higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared to younger and older populations. - **Food Consumption**: 15% of respondents turned to farmers or organic markets for fruits and vegetables, especially in Northern and Central Italy, where BMI values were lower. - **Mediterranean Diet Adherence**: The study found no deterioration in adherence to the Mediterranean diet during the lockdown, with a significant difference in adherence scores among the three Italian regions. The study highlights the importance of maintaining healthy eating habits and lifestyle changes during the pandemic to optimize public health. However, as the pandemic continues, further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger population studies.