Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a severe viral disease caused by Ebola viruses, which are endemic in central Africa. The virus is a member of the Filoviridae family, with species such as Zaire Ebola virus and Sudan Ebola virus being the most pathogenic. The disease is characterized by immune suppression, systemic inflammation, and multiorgan failure, leading to high case-fatality rates (up to 90%). There is no approved treatment or vaccine, and the virus can cause severe hemorrhagic manifestations, shock, and death. The virus is thought to have a detrimental effect on great apes and is a category A biothreat agent due to its potential misuse in biological terrorism. Ebola viruses are transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, bodily fluids, or contaminated surfaces. The virus can also be present in semen and other bodily fluids, posing a risk to healthcare workers and family members. The virus has a broad host range, infecting various cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which facilitate its spread. The pathogenesis involves immune suppression, vascular damage, and coagulation disorders, leading to shock and multiorgan failure. The clinical manifestations of EHF include fever, chills, malaise, and multi-system involvement, with hemorrhagic symptoms appearing during the peak of the illness. Laboratory findings often show leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. The disease progresses rapidly, with a high mortality rate, and patients often die from shock and multiorgan failure. Survivors may experience long-term sequelae such as myelitis, hepatitis, and psychosis. Diagnosis of EHF is based on clinical symptoms and laboratory tests, including RT-PCR and ELISA for viral antigens and antibodies. Management involves isolation, supportive care, and barrier nursing to prevent transmission. Current treatment strategies are mainly supportive, focusing on fluid replacement, pain management, and managing complications such as shock and coagulation disorders. Investigational treatments include ribavirin, RNA-based therapies, and recombinant proteins like rNAPc2, which have shown some efficacy in animal models. Vaccines based on vesicular stomatitis virus have shown promise in non-human primates. However, no vaccine or treatment has been proven effective in humans. Prevention efforts focus on developing vaccines and improving diagnostic capabilities. Current vaccine candidates are being tested in animal models, with some showing promise. The development of a multivalent vaccine that protects against all Ebola and Marburg viruses is needed. Future research should focus on understanding the ecology of the virus, its reservoirs, and the mechanisms of pathogenesis to improve prevention and treatment strategies.Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a severe viral disease caused by Ebola viruses, which are endemic in central Africa. The virus is a member of the Filoviridae family, with species such as Zaire Ebola virus and Sudan Ebola virus being the most pathogenic. The disease is characterized by immune suppression, systemic inflammation, and multiorgan failure, leading to high case-fatality rates (up to 90%). There is no approved treatment or vaccine, and the virus can cause severe hemorrhagic manifestations, shock, and death. The virus is thought to have a detrimental effect on great apes and is a category A biothreat agent due to its potential misuse in biological terrorism. Ebola viruses are transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, bodily fluids, or contaminated surfaces. The virus can also be present in semen and other bodily fluids, posing a risk to healthcare workers and family members. The virus has a broad host range, infecting various cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which facilitate its spread. The pathogenesis involves immune suppression, vascular damage, and coagulation disorders, leading to shock and multiorgan failure. The clinical manifestations of EHF include fever, chills, malaise, and multi-system involvement, with hemorrhagic symptoms appearing during the peak of the illness. Laboratory findings often show leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. The disease progresses rapidly, with a high mortality rate, and patients often die from shock and multiorgan failure. Survivors may experience long-term sequelae such as myelitis, hepatitis, and psychosis. Diagnosis of EHF is based on clinical symptoms and laboratory tests, including RT-PCR and ELISA for viral antigens and antibodies. Management involves isolation, supportive care, and barrier nursing to prevent transmission. Current treatment strategies are mainly supportive, focusing on fluid replacement, pain management, and managing complications such as shock and coagulation disorders. Investigational treatments include ribavirin, RNA-based therapies, and recombinant proteins like rNAPc2, which have shown some efficacy in animal models. Vaccines based on vesicular stomatitis virus have shown promise in non-human primates. However, no vaccine or treatment has been proven effective in humans. Prevention efforts focus on developing vaccines and improving diagnostic capabilities. Current vaccine candidates are being tested in animal models, with some showing promise. The development of a multivalent vaccine that protects against all Ebola and Marburg viruses is needed. Future research should focus on understanding the ecology of the virus, its reservoirs, and the mechanisms of pathogenesis to improve prevention and treatment strategies.