This study investigates the economic segregation caused by mobility lockdowns during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. Using near real-time Facebook mobility data and official economic statistics, the researchers analyze how lockdown measures affected the economic conditions of individuals and local governments. They find that mobility restrictions had a stronger impact on municipalities with higher fiscal capacity, and that mobility restrictions were more severe in areas with higher inequality and lower average income. The study also reveals a segregation effect, where lower-income individuals and areas with higher inequality were more affected by the lockdown. The results show that the lockdown disproportionately affected the poorer population, with municipalities with higher fiscal capacity experiencing more severe mobility reductions. The study highlights the need for asymmetric fiscal measures to support the most vulnerable populations and compensate for the loss of fiscal capacity in richer municipalities. The findings suggest that the lockdown exacerbated economic inequality and poverty, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions to mitigate these effects. The study provides evidence that mobility lockdowns during the pandemic led to economic segregation, with the poorest and most unequal areas being most affected. The results have important implications for policy-making, highlighting the need for targeted fiscal support to address the uneven impact of lockdown measures.This study investigates the economic segregation caused by mobility lockdowns during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. Using near real-time Facebook mobility data and official economic statistics, the researchers analyze how lockdown measures affected the economic conditions of individuals and local governments. They find that mobility restrictions had a stronger impact on municipalities with higher fiscal capacity, and that mobility restrictions were more severe in areas with higher inequality and lower average income. The study also reveals a segregation effect, where lower-income individuals and areas with higher inequality were more affected by the lockdown. The results show that the lockdown disproportionately affected the poorer population, with municipalities with higher fiscal capacity experiencing more severe mobility reductions. The study highlights the need for asymmetric fiscal measures to support the most vulnerable populations and compensate for the loss of fiscal capacity in richer municipalities. The findings suggest that the lockdown exacerbated economic inequality and poverty, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions to mitigate these effects. The study provides evidence that mobility lockdowns during the pandemic led to economic segregation, with the poorest and most unequal areas being most affected. The results have important implications for policy-making, highlighting the need for targeted fiscal support to address the uneven impact of lockdown measures.