The paper "Global Carbon Budget 2019" by Friedlingstein et al. provides a comprehensive assessment of global carbon budgets, focusing on the period from 1750 to 2018. The authors describe the methodology and data sets used to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget: fossil CO2 emissions (EFF), emissions from land use change (ELUC), the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 concentration (GATM), the ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN), and the terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND). They also report uncertainties associated with each component and a budget imbalance (BIM) to account for data and understanding limitations. Key findings include: - Fossil CO2 emissions (EFF) were 9.5 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 from 2009 to 2018, with a 2018 growth rate of 2.1%. - ELUC was 1.5 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1 in 2018, contributing to total anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 11.5 ± 0.9 GtC yr−1. - GATM was 5.1 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1 in 2018, with SOCEAN and SLAND at 2.6 ± 0.6 GtC yr−1 and 3.5 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, respectively. - The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 407.38 ± 0.1 ppm in 2018. - Projections for 2019 indicate a reduced growth rate in EFF of +0.6% based on national emissions projections for China, the USA, the EU, and India. The paper highlights the importance of accurate assessments of the global carbon budget for understanding the carbon cycle, supporting climate policies, and projecting future climate change. It also discusses methodological improvements and data updates compared to previous versions of the global carbon budget.The paper "Global Carbon Budget 2019" by Friedlingstein et al. provides a comprehensive assessment of global carbon budgets, focusing on the period from 1750 to 2018. The authors describe the methodology and data sets used to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget: fossil CO2 emissions (EFF), emissions from land use change (ELUC), the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 concentration (GATM), the ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN), and the terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND). They also report uncertainties associated with each component and a budget imbalance (BIM) to account for data and understanding limitations. Key findings include: - Fossil CO2 emissions (EFF) were 9.5 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 from 2009 to 2018, with a 2018 growth rate of 2.1%. - ELUC was 1.5 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1 in 2018, contributing to total anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 11.5 ± 0.9 GtC yr−1. - GATM was 5.1 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1 in 2018, with SOCEAN and SLAND at 2.6 ± 0.6 GtC yr−1 and 3.5 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, respectively. - The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 407.38 ± 0.1 ppm in 2018. - Projections for 2019 indicate a reduced growth rate in EFF of +0.6% based on national emissions projections for China, the USA, the EU, and India. The paper highlights the importance of accurate assessments of the global carbon budget for understanding the carbon cycle, supporting climate policies, and projecting future climate change. It also discusses methodological improvements and data updates compared to previous versions of the global carbon budget.