The Global Carbon Budget 2019, published by the University of Groningen, provides a comprehensive assessment of the global carbon cycle, focusing on the five major components of the carbon budget: fossil fuel emissions (E_FF), land use change emissions (E_LUC), atmospheric CO₂ growth rate (G_ATM), ocean CO₂ sink (S_OCEAN), and terrestrial CO₂ sink (S_LAND). The study uses data sets and methodologies to quantify these components and their uncertainties, with all uncertainties reported as ±1σ. For the period 2009–2018, E_FF was 9.5±0.5 GtC yr⁻¹, E_LUC was 1.5±0.7 GtC yr⁻¹, G_ATM was 4.9±0.02 GtC yr⁻¹ (2.3±0.01 ppm yr⁻¹), S_OCEAN was 2.5±0.6 GtC yr⁻¹, and S_LAND was 3.2±0.6 GtC yr⁻¹, with a budget imbalance (B_IM) of 0.4 GtC yr⁻¹. For 2018 alone, E_FF increased to 10.0±0.5 GtC yr⁻¹, reaching 10 GtC yr⁻¹ for the first time, while E_LUC was 1.5±0.7 GtC yr⁻¹, and total anthropogenic CO₂ emissions were 11.5±0.9 GtC yr⁻¹ (42.5±3.3 GtC O₂). The global atmospheric CO₂ concentration reached 407.38±0.1 ppm in 2018. For 2019, preliminary data indicate a reduced growth in E_FF of +0.6% (range of -0.2% to 1.5%). The study highlights the importance of accurate data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle for climate policy and future climate projections. The paper also discusses the methodology used to estimate the carbon budget, including the use of different data sets and the challenges in quantifying uncertainties. The study is part of a series of annual global carbon budget reports, with the latest version updated in 2019. The results are presented in a format that allows for continuous updates and improvements in the carbon budget estimates.The Global Carbon Budget 2019, published by the University of Groningen, provides a comprehensive assessment of the global carbon cycle, focusing on the five major components of the carbon budget: fossil fuel emissions (E_FF), land use change emissions (E_LUC), atmospheric CO₂ growth rate (G_ATM), ocean CO₂ sink (S_OCEAN), and terrestrial CO₂ sink (S_LAND). The study uses data sets and methodologies to quantify these components and their uncertainties, with all uncertainties reported as ±1σ. For the period 2009–2018, E_FF was 9.5±0.5 GtC yr⁻¹, E_LUC was 1.5±0.7 GtC yr⁻¹, G_ATM was 4.9±0.02 GtC yr⁻¹ (2.3±0.01 ppm yr⁻¹), S_OCEAN was 2.5±0.6 GtC yr⁻¹, and S_LAND was 3.2±0.6 GtC yr⁻¹, with a budget imbalance (B_IM) of 0.4 GtC yr⁻¹. For 2018 alone, E_FF increased to 10.0±0.5 GtC yr⁻¹, reaching 10 GtC yr⁻¹ for the first time, while E_LUC was 1.5±0.7 GtC yr⁻¹, and total anthropogenic CO₂ emissions were 11.5±0.9 GtC yr⁻¹ (42.5±3.3 GtC O₂). The global atmospheric CO₂ concentration reached 407.38±0.1 ppm in 2018. For 2019, preliminary data indicate a reduced growth in E_FF of +0.6% (range of -0.2% to 1.5%). The study highlights the importance of accurate data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle for climate policy and future climate projections. The paper also discusses the methodology used to estimate the carbon budget, including the use of different data sets and the challenges in quantifying uncertainties. The study is part of a series of annual global carbon budget reports, with the latest version updated in 2019. The results are presented in a format that allows for continuous updates and improvements in the carbon budget estimates.