The paper discusses the future of education and assessment in intelligent educational systems. It highlights the need for a new vision of education that incorporates online environments such as games and simulations, along with an assessment infrastructure that covers a broad range of competencies and attributes. The goal is to support learning and improve educational outcomes for students in the 21st century. The paper outlines three main themes for assessing learning in online environments: (1) comprehensive models, (2) seamless and ubiquitous assessment, and (3) assessment information for decision-making. The first theme focuses on creating comprehensive models of learners' competencies and attributes. This involves identifying and modeling key competencies and attributes that are important for success in the 21st century, such as problem-solving ability and teamwork. Research is needed to develop these models and ensure they are effective and efficient. The second theme emphasizes the integration of assessment and learning in a continuous and seamless manner. This involves using technology to provide real-time feedback and support learning throughout the educational process. The paper discusses the potential of embedded assessment in online environments and the need for research to develop effective assessment tools. The third theme focuses on using assessment information to support decision-making by various stakeholders, including students, parents, teachers, and administrators. The paper highlights the importance of providing meaningful and actionable assessment information to these stakeholders to enable informed decisions. The paper also discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing this vision. Benefits include more effective instruction, better learning outcomes, and the ability to assess students in a more comprehensive and continuous manner. Challenges include the need for research to develop effective assessment models and the need to ensure that assessment information is used in a way that is meaningful and useful to all stakeholders. Overall, the paper advocates for a new vision of education that incorporates technology and assessment to support learning and improve educational outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of research in developing effective assessment models and tools that can be used to support learning in a variety of contexts.The paper discusses the future of education and assessment in intelligent educational systems. It highlights the need for a new vision of education that incorporates online environments such as games and simulations, along with an assessment infrastructure that covers a broad range of competencies and attributes. The goal is to support learning and improve educational outcomes for students in the 21st century. The paper outlines three main themes for assessing learning in online environments: (1) comprehensive models, (2) seamless and ubiquitous assessment, and (3) assessment information for decision-making. The first theme focuses on creating comprehensive models of learners' competencies and attributes. This involves identifying and modeling key competencies and attributes that are important for success in the 21st century, such as problem-solving ability and teamwork. Research is needed to develop these models and ensure they are effective and efficient. The second theme emphasizes the integration of assessment and learning in a continuous and seamless manner. This involves using technology to provide real-time feedback and support learning throughout the educational process. The paper discusses the potential of embedded assessment in online environments and the need for research to develop effective assessment tools. The third theme focuses on using assessment information to support decision-making by various stakeholders, including students, parents, teachers, and administrators. The paper highlights the importance of providing meaningful and actionable assessment information to these stakeholders to enable informed decisions. The paper also discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing this vision. Benefits include more effective instruction, better learning outcomes, and the ability to assess students in a more comprehensive and continuous manner. Challenges include the need for research to develop effective assessment models and the need to ensure that assessment information is used in a way that is meaningful and useful to all stakeholders. Overall, the paper advocates for a new vision of education that incorporates technology and assessment to support learning and improve educational outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of research in developing effective assessment models and tools that can be used to support learning in a variety of contexts.