The article reviews the effects of bioactive peptides on gut microbiota and their implications for human health. Bioactive peptides, derived from both exogenous and endogenous sources, exhibit beneficial bodily functions by influencing barrier functions, immune responses, and gut microbiota composition. The gut microbiota, a diverse microbial community, significantly influences overall well-being and homeostasis. Factors such as diet, age, lifestyle, medication, and environmental conditions can affect the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Bioactive peptides have been shown to modulate the gut microbiota, promoting gut health and potentially preventing various health problems associated with gut microbiota imbalances. The review highlights the multifaceted interactions between bioactive peptides and gut microbiota, integrating knowledge from microbiology and nutrition. It discusses the potential applications of bioactive peptides in developing new therapeutics and nutritional interventions, particularly through their impact on gut microbiota. The article also addresses the safety and potential risks of peptides in gut microbiota, emphasizing the need for further research to establish their bioavailability, absorption, and efficacy in human subjects. Overall, the review underscores the importance of bioactive peptides in maintaining a well-functioning gastrointestinal system, promoting gut health, and managing inflammation and associated diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which dietary bioactive peptides influence hosts and to optimize their use in functional foods, therapeutics, and nutraceuticals.The article reviews the effects of bioactive peptides on gut microbiota and their implications for human health. Bioactive peptides, derived from both exogenous and endogenous sources, exhibit beneficial bodily functions by influencing barrier functions, immune responses, and gut microbiota composition. The gut microbiota, a diverse microbial community, significantly influences overall well-being and homeostasis. Factors such as diet, age, lifestyle, medication, and environmental conditions can affect the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Bioactive peptides have been shown to modulate the gut microbiota, promoting gut health and potentially preventing various health problems associated with gut microbiota imbalances. The review highlights the multifaceted interactions between bioactive peptides and gut microbiota, integrating knowledge from microbiology and nutrition. It discusses the potential applications of bioactive peptides in developing new therapeutics and nutritional interventions, particularly through their impact on gut microbiota. The article also addresses the safety and potential risks of peptides in gut microbiota, emphasizing the need for further research to establish their bioavailability, absorption, and efficacy in human subjects. Overall, the review underscores the importance of bioactive peptides in maintaining a well-functioning gastrointestinal system, promoting gut health, and managing inflammation and associated diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which dietary bioactive peptides influence hosts and to optimize their use in functional foods, therapeutics, and nutraceuticals.