Climate change significantly affects air quality by altering meteorological conditions, pollutant dispersion, and chemical processes. Key pollutants include surface ozone and particulate matter (PM). Ozone is produced through photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the hydroxyl radical (OH). Climate change is expected to increase summer surface ozone in polluted regions by 1–10 ppb over the coming decades, with the largest effects in urban areas and during pollution episodes. Higher water vapor in the future climate may reduce ozone background, leading to opposite sensitivities of pollution and background ozone to climate change. PM is more complex, with projections of ±0.1–1 μg m⁻³ over the coming decades. Wildfires, fueled by climate change, could become a significant PM source. Future research should focus on improving GCM simulations of regional air pollution meteorology, natural emissions, and isoprene chemistry. Climate change may also increase mercury emissions from boreal ecosystems due to increased respiration, posing a new challenge for air quality management. GCM–CTM studies show that climate change will increase surface ozone in polluted regions, with the largest increases in urban areas and during pollution episodes. PM concentrations may decrease in some areas due to increased precipitation, but other regions may see increases due to reduced precipitation or increased wildfires. The effect of climate change on mercury is not well understood, but increased volatilization from soil and ocean may lead to more mobile and toxic mercury forms. Overall, climate change will have complex and varied effects on air quality, requiring improved models and research to better understand and manage these impacts.Climate change significantly affects air quality by altering meteorological conditions, pollutant dispersion, and chemical processes. Key pollutants include surface ozone and particulate matter (PM). Ozone is produced through photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the hydroxyl radical (OH). Climate change is expected to increase summer surface ozone in polluted regions by 1–10 ppb over the coming decades, with the largest effects in urban areas and during pollution episodes. Higher water vapor in the future climate may reduce ozone background, leading to opposite sensitivities of pollution and background ozone to climate change. PM is more complex, with projections of ±0.1–1 μg m⁻³ over the coming decades. Wildfires, fueled by climate change, could become a significant PM source. Future research should focus on improving GCM simulations of regional air pollution meteorology, natural emissions, and isoprene chemistry. Climate change may also increase mercury emissions from boreal ecosystems due to increased respiration, posing a new challenge for air quality management. GCM–CTM studies show that climate change will increase surface ozone in polluted regions, with the largest increases in urban areas and during pollution episodes. PM concentrations may decrease in some areas due to increased precipitation, but other regions may see increases due to reduced precipitation or increased wildfires. The effect of climate change on mercury is not well understood, but increased volatilization from soil and ocean may lead to more mobile and toxic mercury forms. Overall, climate change will have complex and varied effects on air quality, requiring improved models and research to better understand and manage these impacts.