In the CheckMate 143 phase 3 trial, 369 patients with recurrent glioblastoma were randomly assigned to receive either nivolumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) or bevacizumab. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), with a median follow-up of 9.5 months. Median OS was comparable between the two groups: 9.8 months for nivolumab and 10.0 months for bevacizumab. The 12-month OS rate was 42% in both groups. Bevacizumab showed a higher objective response rate (23.1%) compared to nivolumab (7.8%). Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were similar between the groups, with no unexpected neurological adverse events or deaths related to treatment. Although the primary endpoint was not met, nivolumab had a safety profile consistent with other tumor types. The study found that patients with methylated MGMT promoters may benefit more from immune checkpoint inhibition. The trial did not meet its primary endpoint, but the results suggest that nivolumab and bevacizumab have similar survival outcomes in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The study was supported by Bristol Myers Squibb.In the CheckMate 143 phase 3 trial, 369 patients with recurrent glioblastoma were randomly assigned to receive either nivolumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) or bevacizumab. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), with a median follow-up of 9.5 months. Median OS was comparable between the two groups: 9.8 months for nivolumab and 10.0 months for bevacizumab. The 12-month OS rate was 42% in both groups. Bevacizumab showed a higher objective response rate (23.1%) compared to nivolumab (7.8%). Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were similar between the groups, with no unexpected neurological adverse events or deaths related to treatment. Although the primary endpoint was not met, nivolumab had a safety profile consistent with other tumor types. The study found that patients with methylated MGMT promoters may benefit more from immune checkpoint inhibition. The trial did not meet its primary endpoint, but the results suggest that nivolumab and bevacizumab have similar survival outcomes in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The study was supported by Bristol Myers Squibb.