The article reviews the impact of salinity stress on plant metabolism and the tolerance strategies employed by plants. Salinity, caused by the accumulation of salts in soil or groundwater, is a significant environmental stress that affects plant survival, biomass production, and yield. The review highlights two main types of salinity: primary, resulting from natural processes like weathering and oceanic deposition, and secondary, caused by human activities such as irrigation and land clearing. Over 6% of the world's land is affected by salinity, with irrigated land being particularly vulnerable. The effects of salinity on plants include reduced water uptake, osmotic stress, ion imbalance, and toxicity, leading to decreased germination, growth, photosynthesis, and yield. The article also discusses the mechanisms plants use to tolerate salinity stress, emphasizing the importance of understanding these strategies to enhance crop productivity under environmental stress.The article reviews the impact of salinity stress on plant metabolism and the tolerance strategies employed by plants. Salinity, caused by the accumulation of salts in soil or groundwater, is a significant environmental stress that affects plant survival, biomass production, and yield. The review highlights two main types of salinity: primary, resulting from natural processes like weathering and oceanic deposition, and secondary, caused by human activities such as irrigation and land clearing. Over 6% of the world's land is affected by salinity, with irrigated land being particularly vulnerable. The effects of salinity on plants include reduced water uptake, osmotic stress, ion imbalance, and toxicity, leading to decreased germination, growth, photosynthesis, and yield. The article also discusses the mechanisms plants use to tolerate salinity stress, emphasizing the importance of understanding these strategies to enhance crop productivity under environmental stress.