This study investigates the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on the morphological and physiological characteristics of five inbred maize lines (Kui3, CML118, Mo17, B73, and B77). The maize seedlings were exposed to five different concentrations of Cd (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg L⁻¹) for 15 days. The results show that Cd stress significantly reduced the biomass, leaf area, and relative water content of the seedlings. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) were affected, leading to enhanced membrane lipid peroxidation. The Cd content varied among the varieties, with higher accumulation in the roots compared to the aboveground parts. The transfer coefficient of Cd was highest in Mo17 and lowest in B73. Soluble protein content decreased, while soluble sugar and proline content increased under Cd stress. Overall, the study highlights significant genotypic differences in the response of maize inbred lines to Cd stress, providing insights into the mechanisms of tolerance and potential for breeding Cd-resistant varieties.This study investigates the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on the morphological and physiological characteristics of five inbred maize lines (Kui3, CML118, Mo17, B73, and B77). The maize seedlings were exposed to five different concentrations of Cd (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg L⁻¹) for 15 days. The results show that Cd stress significantly reduced the biomass, leaf area, and relative water content of the seedlings. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) were affected, leading to enhanced membrane lipid peroxidation. The Cd content varied among the varieties, with higher accumulation in the roots compared to the aboveground parts. The transfer coefficient of Cd was highest in Mo17 and lowest in B73. Soluble protein content decreased, while soluble sugar and proline content increased under Cd stress. Overall, the study highlights significant genotypic differences in the response of maize inbred lines to Cd stress, providing insights into the mechanisms of tolerance and potential for breeding Cd-resistant varieties.