This study investigates the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition and biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thirty-three participants, aged 55 to 85 years, were randomized to either a high-intensity aerobic exercise group or a stretching control group. The aerobic group exercised for 45 to 60 minutes, 4 days per week, under the supervision of a fitness trainer, while the control group performed stretching activities. Cognitive tests and physiological assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The results showed that six months of aerobic exercise improved cognitive function, particularly executive control processes, in women more than in men. Aerobic exercise also improved glucose metabolism and reduced cortisol levels in women, while increasing insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in men. These findings suggest that aerobic exercise may provide cognitive benefits for older adults with MCI, especially women, by improving executive function and modulating metabolic and neuroendocrine responses.This study investigates the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition and biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thirty-three participants, aged 55 to 85 years, were randomized to either a high-intensity aerobic exercise group or a stretching control group. The aerobic group exercised for 45 to 60 minutes, 4 days per week, under the supervision of a fitness trainer, while the control group performed stretching activities. Cognitive tests and physiological assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The results showed that six months of aerobic exercise improved cognitive function, particularly executive control processes, in women more than in men. Aerobic exercise also improved glucose metabolism and reduced cortisol levels in women, while increasing insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in men. These findings suggest that aerobic exercise may provide cognitive benefits for older adults with MCI, especially women, by improving executive function and modulating metabolic and neuroendocrine responses.