The article reviews the empirical literature on the effects of mindfulness on psychological health. It begins by discussing the construct of mindfulness, its differences between Buddhist and Western psychological conceptualizations, and how it has been integrated into Western medicine and psychology. The review then examines three areas of research: cross-sectional and correlational studies on the associations between mindfulness and various indicators of psychological health; intervention research on the effects of mindfulness-oriented interventions; and laboratory-based, experimental research on the immediate effects of mindfulness inductions on emotional and behavioral functioning. The article concludes that mindfulness brings about various positive psychological effects, including increased subjective well-being, reduced psychological symptoms and emotional reactivity, and improved behavioral regulation. It also discusses the mechanisms of change in mindfulness interventions and suggests directions for future research.The article reviews the empirical literature on the effects of mindfulness on psychological health. It begins by discussing the construct of mindfulness, its differences between Buddhist and Western psychological conceptualizations, and how it has been integrated into Western medicine and psychology. The review then examines three areas of research: cross-sectional and correlational studies on the associations between mindfulness and various indicators of psychological health; intervention research on the effects of mindfulness-oriented interventions; and laboratory-based, experimental research on the immediate effects of mindfulness inductions on emotional and behavioral functioning. The article concludes that mindfulness brings about various positive psychological effects, including increased subjective well-being, reduced psychological symptoms and emotional reactivity, and improved behavioral regulation. It also discusses the mechanisms of change in mindfulness interventions and suggests directions for future research.