The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of university students, with increased rates of anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep disorders. A review of 52 studies found that students experienced heightened stress, anxiety, and depression, with female students more vulnerable to mental health issues. Male students, while better at coping, faced higher risks of suicidal ideation. Students with pre-existing mental health conditions were more affected. The pandemic also led to increased insomnia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and suicidal thoughts. Factors such as financial hardship, social isolation, and online learning contributed to these issues. Physical activity was linked to reduced depressive symptoms, while social support and urban living were protective factors. The pandemic exacerbated mental health challenges, particularly for female students and those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Long-term effects persisted even after vaccination, with many students still reporting anxiety. The review highlights the need for targeted interventions to support students' mental health, emphasizing the importance of resilience, social support, and access to mental health resources. The findings underscore the importance of addressing mental health in higher education and the need for further research to understand the long-term impacts of the pandemic on students.The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of university students, with increased rates of anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep disorders. A review of 52 studies found that students experienced heightened stress, anxiety, and depression, with female students more vulnerable to mental health issues. Male students, while better at coping, faced higher risks of suicidal ideation. Students with pre-existing mental health conditions were more affected. The pandemic also led to increased insomnia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and suicidal thoughts. Factors such as financial hardship, social isolation, and online learning contributed to these issues. Physical activity was linked to reduced depressive symptoms, while social support and urban living were protective factors. The pandemic exacerbated mental health challenges, particularly for female students and those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Long-term effects persisted even after vaccination, with many students still reporting anxiety. The review highlights the need for targeted interventions to support students' mental health, emphasizing the importance of resilience, social support, and access to mental health resources. The findings underscore the importance of addressing mental health in higher education and the need for further research to understand the long-term impacts of the pandemic on students.