The article "Eicosanoid Storm in Infection and Inflammation" by Edward A. Dennis and Paul C. Norris reviews the complex role of eicosanoids and related bioactive lipid mediators in immune responses to infection and injury. Eicosanoids, derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, play a crucial role in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. Recent advances in lipidomics have helped identify unique eicosanoids and docosanoids with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution functions, enhancing our understanding of the inflammatory response and its therapeutic implications. The authors discuss the biosynthesis and signaling of eicosanoids, highlighting the importance of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes in increasing free arachidonic acid levels for eicosanoid production. They also explore the functional coupling of enzymes in eicosanoid pathways, such as the co-localization of cyclooxygenase (COX) and thromboxane A synthase (TXAS) in macrophages, which preferentially produce thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Transcellular eicosanoid metabolism, where intermediate metabolites are transferred between cells, is another key aspect discussed. This process is particularly important in the formation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and lipoxins, which promote the resolution of inflammation. The article also reviews the therapeutic interventions targeting eicosanoid pathways, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and leukotriene receptor antagonists. However, it notes that these drugs do not fully resolve innate immune responses and may have side effects. Finally, the authors emphasize the need for refined lipidomic methodologies to better understand the complex interactions of eicosanoids in health and disease, and to develop more effective treatments for inflammatory conditions.The article "Eicosanoid Storm in Infection and Inflammation" by Edward A. Dennis and Paul C. Norris reviews the complex role of eicosanoids and related bioactive lipid mediators in immune responses to infection and injury. Eicosanoids, derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, play a crucial role in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. Recent advances in lipidomics have helped identify unique eicosanoids and docosanoids with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution functions, enhancing our understanding of the inflammatory response and its therapeutic implications. The authors discuss the biosynthesis and signaling of eicosanoids, highlighting the importance of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes in increasing free arachidonic acid levels for eicosanoid production. They also explore the functional coupling of enzymes in eicosanoid pathways, such as the co-localization of cyclooxygenase (COX) and thromboxane A synthase (TXAS) in macrophages, which preferentially produce thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Transcellular eicosanoid metabolism, where intermediate metabolites are transferred between cells, is another key aspect discussed. This process is particularly important in the formation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and lipoxins, which promote the resolution of inflammation. The article also reviews the therapeutic interventions targeting eicosanoid pathways, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and leukotriene receptor antagonists. However, it notes that these drugs do not fully resolve innate immune responses and may have side effects. Finally, the authors emphasize the need for refined lipidomic methodologies to better understand the complex interactions of eicosanoids in health and disease, and to develop more effective treatments for inflammatory conditions.