The geometric Langlands program can be understood through the compactification of a twisted version of N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory on a Riemann surface. Key elements include electric-magnetic duality, mirror symmetry, branes, and topological field theory. Concepts like Hecke eigensheaves and D-modules emerge naturally from this physics-based approach. The paper explores how these ideas connect to the geometric Langlands program, using tools from quantum field theory, sigma-models, and topological field theories. It discusses S-duality, topological field theories, branes, and the relationship between gauge theories and the Langlands program. The paper also addresses the role of Hecke operators, D-modules, and the geometry of Hitchin's moduli space. It highlights the connection between the Langlands program and quantum field theory, emphasizing the role of electric and magnetic eigenbranes, and the correspondence between gauge theories and the Langlands dual group. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for the geometric Langlands program and the role of conformal field theory in this context.The geometric Langlands program can be understood through the compactification of a twisted version of N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory on a Riemann surface. Key elements include electric-magnetic duality, mirror symmetry, branes, and topological field theory. Concepts like Hecke eigensheaves and D-modules emerge naturally from this physics-based approach. The paper explores how these ideas connect to the geometric Langlands program, using tools from quantum field theory, sigma-models, and topological field theories. It discusses S-duality, topological field theories, branes, and the relationship between gauge theories and the Langlands program. The paper also addresses the role of Hecke operators, D-modules, and the geometry of Hitchin's moduli space. It highlights the connection between the Langlands program and quantum field theory, emphasizing the role of electric and magnetic eigenbranes, and the correspondence between gauge theories and the Langlands dual group. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for the geometric Langlands program and the role of conformal field theory in this context.