Electrical resistivity surveys are a valuable tool in soil science for non-invasively assessing subsurface properties. This review discusses the theory, applications, and limitations of electrical resistivity in soil science. The method measures the resistance of soil to electrical currents, which is influenced by factors such as soil structure, water content, salinity, and temperature. Electrical resistivity can be measured in one-, two-, or three-dimensional configurations, allowing for detailed analysis at various scales. The technique is sensitive to soil heterogeneity and can detect features such as soil horizons, compaction, and bedrock depth. It is also useful for monitoring soil water content, salinity, and groundwater movement. However, the method is affected by factors such as electrode contact, calibration, and measurement time. Despite these limitations, electrical resistivity surveys offer a non-destructive, efficient, and versatile approach for soil and agricultural management. Advances in technology have improved the speed and accuracy of data acquisition, enabling more detailed and comprehensive studies of soil properties. The method is particularly useful for monitoring temporal changes in soil conditions and for identifying subsurface structures. Overall, electrical resistivity surveys provide valuable insights into soil properties and are an important tool in soil science and environmental monitoring.Electrical resistivity surveys are a valuable tool in soil science for non-invasively assessing subsurface properties. This review discusses the theory, applications, and limitations of electrical resistivity in soil science. The method measures the resistance of soil to electrical currents, which is influenced by factors such as soil structure, water content, salinity, and temperature. Electrical resistivity can be measured in one-, two-, or three-dimensional configurations, allowing for detailed analysis at various scales. The technique is sensitive to soil heterogeneity and can detect features such as soil horizons, compaction, and bedrock depth. It is also useful for monitoring soil water content, salinity, and groundwater movement. However, the method is affected by factors such as electrode contact, calibration, and measurement time. Despite these limitations, electrical resistivity surveys offer a non-destructive, efficient, and versatile approach for soil and agricultural management. Advances in technology have improved the speed and accuracy of data acquisition, enabling more detailed and comprehensive studies of soil properties. The method is particularly useful for monitoring temporal changes in soil conditions and for identifying subsurface structures. Overall, electrical resistivity surveys provide valuable insights into soil properties and are an important tool in soil science and environmental monitoring.