This review article by Grieshaber et al. provides an extensive overview of electrochemical biosensors, focusing on their principles, architectures, and applications. Electrochemical biosensors are highlighted as a promising method for quantifying biological and biochemical processes due to their ability to directly convert biological events into electronic signals. The authors discuss various sensing techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, and field-effect transistor (FET) methods, along with emerging approaches like nanowire and magnetic nanoparticle-based biosensing. They emphasize the importance of surface architectures and functionalization in determining the performance of electrochemical sensors, and explore the use of nanotechnology to enhance sensitivity and specificity. The article also reviews the integration of electrochemistry with complementary techniques such as surface plasmon resonance, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning probe microscopy. Additionally, it covers the development of nanowires and their applications in biosensing, including their use in FET devices for label-free detection of DNA. The review concludes by discussing the challenges and future prospects of electrochemical biosensors, emphasizing the need for precise control over surface nano-architectures and complementary characterization tools to optimize sensor performance.This review article by Grieshaber et al. provides an extensive overview of electrochemical biosensors, focusing on their principles, architectures, and applications. Electrochemical biosensors are highlighted as a promising method for quantifying biological and biochemical processes due to their ability to directly convert biological events into electronic signals. The authors discuss various sensing techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, and field-effect transistor (FET) methods, along with emerging approaches like nanowire and magnetic nanoparticle-based biosensing. They emphasize the importance of surface architectures and functionalization in determining the performance of electrochemical sensors, and explore the use of nanotechnology to enhance sensitivity and specificity. The article also reviews the integration of electrochemistry with complementary techniques such as surface plasmon resonance, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning probe microscopy. Additionally, it covers the development of nanowires and their applications in biosensing, including their use in FET devices for label-free detection of DNA. The review concludes by discussing the challenges and future prospects of electrochemical biosensors, emphasizing the need for precise control over surface nano-architectures and complementary characterization tools to optimize sensor performance.