The paper presents a novel method called Electrochemically Controlled Blinking Offluorophores (EC-STORM) for super-resolution imaging and molecular counting. STORM, or Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy, enables high-resolution imaging by calculating the coordinates of individual fluorophores through their separation in both time and space. However, challenges such as undercounting due to photobleaching and overcounting due to dye blinking limit its effectiveness. EC-STORM addresses these issues by using electrochemical potential to control the switching kinetics, duty cycle, and recovery yield of fluorophores. The authors demonstrate that electrochemical potential can be used to switch fluorophores between an OFF and ON state, with the OFF state achieved through a thiol-ene reaction. This method allows for precise control over the switching kinetics and duty cycle, reducing the need for a UV laser to reactivate fluorophores during data acquisition. The negative potential suppresses dye blinking, while a short positive-potential pulse activates the fluorophores, with the frequency of ON events scaling linearly with the number of underlying dyes. Key experiments include: 1. **Electrochemical Fluorescence Switching**: Alexa 647 molecules can be switched between ON and OFF states using positive and negative electrochemical potentials, respectively. 2. **Switching Kinetics and Duty Cycle**: The rate constants for switching (k_on and k_off) and the duty cycle (fraction of time a fluorophore is ON) are measured and found to be controllable. 3. **Recovery Yield**: The recovery yield of Alexa 647 molecules is significantly improved compared to conventional STORM, with a 100% recovery yield achieved. 4. **Two- and Three-Dimensional EC-STORM Imaging**: EC-STORM reduces artefacts from overlapping emitters and improves image resolution, especially in densely packed samples. 5. **Single-Molecule Counting**: EC-STORM enables molecular counting by pulsing the electrochemical potential, with the probability of ON events determined by the underlying number of fluorophores. The authors conclude that EC-STORM offers significant advantages over conventional STORM, including reduced photobleaching, better control over emitter density, and the ability to perform molecular counting. This method has broad applications in super-resolution imaging and molecular counting, potentially simplifying the setup of microscopes to require only an imaging laser and an electrochemical potentiostat.The paper presents a novel method called Electrochemically Controlled Blinking Offluorophores (EC-STORM) for super-resolution imaging and molecular counting. STORM, or Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy, enables high-resolution imaging by calculating the coordinates of individual fluorophores through their separation in both time and space. However, challenges such as undercounting due to photobleaching and overcounting due to dye blinking limit its effectiveness. EC-STORM addresses these issues by using electrochemical potential to control the switching kinetics, duty cycle, and recovery yield of fluorophores. The authors demonstrate that electrochemical potential can be used to switch fluorophores between an OFF and ON state, with the OFF state achieved through a thiol-ene reaction. This method allows for precise control over the switching kinetics and duty cycle, reducing the need for a UV laser to reactivate fluorophores during data acquisition. The negative potential suppresses dye blinking, while a short positive-potential pulse activates the fluorophores, with the frequency of ON events scaling linearly with the number of underlying dyes. Key experiments include: 1. **Electrochemical Fluorescence Switching**: Alexa 647 molecules can be switched between ON and OFF states using positive and negative electrochemical potentials, respectively. 2. **Switching Kinetics and Duty Cycle**: The rate constants for switching (k_on and k_off) and the duty cycle (fraction of time a fluorophore is ON) are measured and found to be controllable. 3. **Recovery Yield**: The recovery yield of Alexa 647 molecules is significantly improved compared to conventional STORM, with a 100% recovery yield achieved. 4. **Two- and Three-Dimensional EC-STORM Imaging**: EC-STORM reduces artefacts from overlapping emitters and improves image resolution, especially in densely packed samples. 5. **Single-Molecule Counting**: EC-STORM enables molecular counting by pulsing the electrochemical potential, with the probability of ON events determined by the underlying number of fluorophores. The authors conclude that EC-STORM offers significant advantages over conventional STORM, including reduced photobleaching, better control over emitter density, and the ability to perform molecular counting. This method has broad applications in super-resolution imaging and molecular counting, potentially simplifying the setup of microscopes to require only an imaging laser and an electrochemical potentiostat.