Electrospinning is a versatile and cost-effective method for producing nanofibers with a wide range of applications due to their high surface area, porosity, and mechanical strength. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the electrospinning process, focusing on the parameters that influence fiber morphology and structure. The process involves generating an electric field to create charged droplets, which elongate and solidify into fibers as they move towards a collector. Key parameters include solution concentration, viscosity, molecular weight, surface tension, conductivity, type of solvent, applied voltage, distance between the needle and collector, flow rate, and ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity. These parameters can be optimized to produce fibers with specific morphologies, such as aligned, core-shell, hollow, and porous structures. The review also discusses the use of fillers to enhance the properties of electrospun fibers and the challenges and solutions in scaling up the production process. Overall, electrospinning offers a powerful tool for creating customized nanofiber structures for various applications, including filtration, electronics, tissue engineering, and energy storage.Electrospinning is a versatile and cost-effective method for producing nanofibers with a wide range of applications due to their high surface area, porosity, and mechanical strength. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the electrospinning process, focusing on the parameters that influence fiber morphology and structure. The process involves generating an electric field to create charged droplets, which elongate and solidify into fibers as they move towards a collector. Key parameters include solution concentration, viscosity, molecular weight, surface tension, conductivity, type of solvent, applied voltage, distance between the needle and collector, flow rate, and ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity. These parameters can be optimized to produce fibers with specific morphologies, such as aligned, core-shell, hollow, and porous structures. The review also discusses the use of fillers to enhance the properties of electrospun fibers and the challenges and solutions in scaling up the production process. Overall, electrospinning offers a powerful tool for creating customized nanofiber structures for various applications, including filtration, electronics, tissue engineering, and energy storage.