Electrospinning is a versatile technique that uses electrostatic repulsion to draw nanofibers from viscoelastic fluids, producing fibers with diameters down to tens of nanometers. This method has been applied to a wide range of materials, including polymers, ceramics, and small molecules, and can generate various secondary structures such as porous, hollow, or core–sheath nanofibers. These nanofibers can be functionalized with molecular species or nanoparticles and can be assembled into ordered arrays or hierarchical structures. The unique properties of electrospun nanofibers make them suitable for applications in air filtration, water purification, catalysis, environmental protection, smart textiles, surface coating, energy harvesting/conversion/storage, encapsulation of bioactive species, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The authors of this article have extensively explored the use of electrospun nanofibers for these applications, focusing on two main areas: (1) using ceramic nanofibers as catalytic supports for noble-metal nanoparticles and (2) exploring polymeric nanofibers as scaffolding materials for tissue regeneration. Ceramic nanofibers, due to their high porosity, surface area, and thermal stability, are excellent supports for catalysts based on noble metals. The authors have investigated the use of various oxide-based ceramic nanofibers as supports for catalysts based on noble metals such as Au, Pt, Pd, and Rh. In tissue engineering, the diameter, composition, alignment, porosity, and surface properties of polymeric nanofibers can be engineered to mimic the hierarchical architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This allows for the manipulation of cell behaviors and tissue regeneration. The authors have demonstrated the fabrication of uniaxially aligned nanofibers to mimic the alignment of ECM in tissues like tendon, muscle, nerve, and heart. They have also developed radially aligned nanofibers to direct cell migration and neurite extension, and "aligned-to-random" nanofiber scaffolds to mimic the tendon-to-bone insertion site. The article concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions for electrospun nanofibers, emphasizing the need to improve mechanical strength, flexibility, and in vivo performance for broader applications.Electrospinning is a versatile technique that uses electrostatic repulsion to draw nanofibers from viscoelastic fluids, producing fibers with diameters down to tens of nanometers. This method has been applied to a wide range of materials, including polymers, ceramics, and small molecules, and can generate various secondary structures such as porous, hollow, or core–sheath nanofibers. These nanofibers can be functionalized with molecular species or nanoparticles and can be assembled into ordered arrays or hierarchical structures. The unique properties of electrospun nanofibers make them suitable for applications in air filtration, water purification, catalysis, environmental protection, smart textiles, surface coating, energy harvesting/conversion/storage, encapsulation of bioactive species, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The authors of this article have extensively explored the use of electrospun nanofibers for these applications, focusing on two main areas: (1) using ceramic nanofibers as catalytic supports for noble-metal nanoparticles and (2) exploring polymeric nanofibers as scaffolding materials for tissue regeneration. Ceramic nanofibers, due to their high porosity, surface area, and thermal stability, are excellent supports for catalysts based on noble metals. The authors have investigated the use of various oxide-based ceramic nanofibers as supports for catalysts based on noble metals such as Au, Pt, Pd, and Rh. In tissue engineering, the diameter, composition, alignment, porosity, and surface properties of polymeric nanofibers can be engineered to mimic the hierarchical architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This allows for the manipulation of cell behaviors and tissue regeneration. The authors have demonstrated the fabrication of uniaxially aligned nanofibers to mimic the alignment of ECM in tissues like tendon, muscle, nerve, and heart. They have also developed radially aligned nanofibers to direct cell migration and neurite extension, and "aligned-to-random" nanofiber scaffolds to mimic the tendon-to-bone insertion site. The article concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions for electrospun nanofibers, emphasizing the need to improve mechanical strength, flexibility, and in vivo performance for broader applications.