Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique that uses electrostatic repulsion to draw nanofibers from a viscoelastic fluid. It has been used to produce nanofibers with diameters as small as tens of nanometers from a wide range of materials, including polymers, ceramics, and small molecules. Electrospun nanofibers can have various structures, such as porous, hollow, or core–sheath, and can be functionalized with molecular species or nanoparticles. These nanofibers can be arranged into ordered arrays or hierarchical structures, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including air filtration, water purification, catalysis, smart textiles, and tissue engineering. Over the past 15 years, the authors have explored the use of electrospun nanofibers for various applications. Two examples are highlighted: (i) using ceramic nanofibers as supports for noble-metal nanoparticles and (ii) using polymeric nanofibers as scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Ceramic nanofibers, made from oxides such as SiO₂, TiO₂, SnO₂, CeO₂, and ZrO₂, are excellent supports for catalysts due to their high porosity, surface area, and thermal stability. Polymeric nanofibers can be engineered to mimic the hierarchical structure of the extracellular matrix, enabling the manipulation of cell behavior for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The authors have demonstrated the use of uniaxially aligned nanofibers to guide cell migration and neurite extension, and to mimic the structure of the tendon-to-bone insertion site. Electrospun nanofibers have also been used to create scaffolds with graded mineral coatings to promote tissue regeneration. The unique capabilities of electrospun nanofibers as porous supports for heterogeneous catalysis and functional scaffolds for tissue regeneration are highlighted through recent results. The authors conclude that electrospun nanofibers have great potential in various applications, but still face challenges in terms of mechanical strength and flexibility for large-area applications. Future work should focus on the development of three-dimensional scaffolds integrated with cells and growth factors to improve tissue regeneration.Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique that uses electrostatic repulsion to draw nanofibers from a viscoelastic fluid. It has been used to produce nanofibers with diameters as small as tens of nanometers from a wide range of materials, including polymers, ceramics, and small molecules. Electrospun nanofibers can have various structures, such as porous, hollow, or core–sheath, and can be functionalized with molecular species or nanoparticles. These nanofibers can be arranged into ordered arrays or hierarchical structures, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including air filtration, water purification, catalysis, smart textiles, and tissue engineering. Over the past 15 years, the authors have explored the use of electrospun nanofibers for various applications. Two examples are highlighted: (i) using ceramic nanofibers as supports for noble-metal nanoparticles and (ii) using polymeric nanofibers as scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Ceramic nanofibers, made from oxides such as SiO₂, TiO₂, SnO₂, CeO₂, and ZrO₂, are excellent supports for catalysts due to their high porosity, surface area, and thermal stability. Polymeric nanofibers can be engineered to mimic the hierarchical structure of the extracellular matrix, enabling the manipulation of cell behavior for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The authors have demonstrated the use of uniaxially aligned nanofibers to guide cell migration and neurite extension, and to mimic the structure of the tendon-to-bone insertion site. Electrospun nanofibers have also been used to create scaffolds with graded mineral coatings to promote tissue regeneration. The unique capabilities of electrospun nanofibers as porous supports for heterogeneous catalysis and functional scaffolds for tissue regeneration are highlighted through recent results. The authors conclude that electrospun nanofibers have great potential in various applications, but still face challenges in terms of mechanical strength and flexibility for large-area applications. Future work should focus on the development of three-dimensional scaffolds integrated with cells and growth factors to improve tissue regeneration.