Hammond and Jones (2008) developed an open-access database for embodied energy and carbon in construction materials. The database, based on peer-reviewed literature, includes over 200 materials and provides data for energy and carbon emissions from cradle-to-site. It was widely used by industry, academia, and government, with feedback helping to refine 'best values' for embodied energy and carbon. The database includes case studies of real-world buildings, showing that embodied energy and carbon for houses and apartments are similar until external works are considered. The study highlights the importance of embodied energy and carbon in construction, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices. The database was used to analyze 14 case studies, revealing that embodied energy averaged 5340 MJ/m² and embodied carbon 110 kgC/m². External works significantly affect these values, contributing up to 22% of embodied energy and 19% of embodied carbon. The study also discusses the challenges in assessing embodied energy and carbon, including methodological differences and data variability. The database is a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners to estimate embodied energy and carbon in various construction projects. The authors conclude that the database supports sustainable development and highlights the need for responsible material management in construction.Hammond and Jones (2008) developed an open-access database for embodied energy and carbon in construction materials. The database, based on peer-reviewed literature, includes over 200 materials and provides data for energy and carbon emissions from cradle-to-site. It was widely used by industry, academia, and government, with feedback helping to refine 'best values' for embodied energy and carbon. The database includes case studies of real-world buildings, showing that embodied energy and carbon for houses and apartments are similar until external works are considered. The study highlights the importance of embodied energy and carbon in construction, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices. The database was used to analyze 14 case studies, revealing that embodied energy averaged 5340 MJ/m² and embodied carbon 110 kgC/m². External works significantly affect these values, contributing up to 22% of embodied energy and 19% of embodied carbon. The study also discusses the challenges in assessing embodied energy and carbon, including methodological differences and data variability. The database is a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners to estimate embodied energy and carbon in various construction projects. The authors conclude that the database supports sustainable development and highlights the need for responsible material management in construction.