Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, primarily affecting the elderly. It is a significant health burden, associated with reduced mobility, increased fall risk, and poor outcomes in various diseases. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia involves complex interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal imbalances. Current treatments focus on exercise, nutrition, and limited pharmacological options, but these are not universally effective. Emerging therapeutic strategies aim to address the underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia through novel drug formulations, drug delivery systems, stem cell therapies, and tissue-engineered scaffolds. These approaches include myostatin inhibitors, anabolic agents, and exercise mimetics, which show promise in improving muscle mass and function. Stem cell therapies, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, are being explored for their regenerative potential. Tissue-engineered scaffolds are also being developed to support muscle regeneration. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in translating these strategies into effective clinical treatments. Further research is needed to optimize these approaches and improve outcomes for sarcopenia patients.Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, primarily affecting the elderly. It is a significant health burden, associated with reduced mobility, increased fall risk, and poor outcomes in various diseases. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia involves complex interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal imbalances. Current treatments focus on exercise, nutrition, and limited pharmacological options, but these are not universally effective. Emerging therapeutic strategies aim to address the underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia through novel drug formulations, drug delivery systems, stem cell therapies, and tissue-engineered scaffolds. These approaches include myostatin inhibitors, anabolic agents, and exercise mimetics, which show promise in improving muscle mass and function. Stem cell therapies, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, are being explored for their regenerative potential. Tissue-engineered scaffolds are also being developed to support muscle regeneration. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in translating these strategies into effective clinical treatments. Further research is needed to optimize these approaches and improve outcomes for sarcopenia patients.